课堂观察工具:摒弃还是发展?——基于世界银行课堂观察工具TEACH的讨论  

Classroom Observation Tools:Discard or Develop?—An Analysis Based on TEACH,the World Bank Classroom Observation Tool

作　　者：闫温乐[1,2] 施若蕾 YAN Wenle;SHI Ruolei(Research Institute for International and Comparative Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,上海200234 [2]联合国教科文组织教师教育中心

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2022年第2期147-159,共13页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：中国教育发展战略学会国际胜任力培养专业委员会2021-2022年度重点课题“培养讲好中国教育故事人才实证研究”(项目编号:SRA202105)。

摘　　要：世界银行在2020年推出面向中低收入国家的命名为“教学”(TEACH)的课堂观察工具。世界银行开发TEACH旨在以观察推动教学、明确标准和克服现有观察工具瓶颈;功能兼顾国家政策制定与教师个体发展,内容聚焦课堂教学的普适性经验,在方法上注重易获取、易掌握和大规模使用。与其他同类课堂观察工具相比,TEACH传承了对观察结果一致性的重视,并在适用性方面作出改进,在对待突发事件和本土情境方面作出创新。本研究最后分析了我国课堂观察从兴起、发展到现实中应用受阻的趋势,讨论了工具的本质应是“可用”和“好用”,与其他教学评价手段结合来消减观察“标准化”和教学“情境化”的冲突,并建议TEACH与我国国培计划结合,在我国欠发达地区教师培训中推广。The World Bank released a classroom observation tool called TEACH for low-and middle-income countries in 2020.The World Bank developed this tool to promote teaching through observation,clarify the standards,and overcome the bottleneck of existing observation tools.The function of TEACH gives consideration to national policy making and teachers’individual development.The content focuses on the universal experience of classroom teaching.The method used in TEACH is easy to be acquired,mastered and applied on a large scale.Compared with other similar classroom observation tools,TEACH inherits the emphasis on the consistency of observation results,makes improvements in applicability,and makes innovations in dealing with emergencies and local situations.At the end of this paper,the trend of the classroom observation in China is analyzed of its declination.It argues that the nature of the tool that should be“effective”and“efficient”and that the conflict between observation“standardization”and teaching“contextualization”can be reduced through integrating other teaching evaluation means.It suggests to promote TEACH in underdeveloped areas in China through the combination with national training plan.

关 键 词：课堂观察工具 世界银行 TEACH 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]