基于遗传算法的六连杆机构尺寸优化设计  

Optimization design on dimension of six-link mechanism based on genetic algorithm

作　　者：吕明青 邵珠峰[2] 徐道春[1] 王传英 彭发忠 Lyu Mingqing;Shao Zhufeng;Xu Daochun;Wang Chuanying;Peng Fazhong(Key Lab of State Forestry and Grassl and Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation,School of Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control,State Key Laboratory of Tribology,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Jier Machine-Tool Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学工学院林业装备与自动化国家林草局重点实验室,北京100083 [2]清华大学机械工程系摩擦学国家重点实验室精密超精密制造装备及控制北京市重点实验室,北京100084 [3]济南二机床集团有限公司,山东济南250022

出　　处：《锻压技术》2022年第7期184-193,共10页Forging & Stamping Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U19A20101)。

摘　　要：为了使压力机具有更好的性能,需要对主传动机构进行尺寸优化设计。构建了一套完整的六连杆传动机构综合优化设计模型,首先建立了运动学与动力学模型,针对机构的运动稳定性、传力性能、位置精度及增力特性4方面进行分析,以滑块速度波动、压力角、侧向力和机构的机械增益为优化性能指标,通过统一量纲和线性加权的方式构造出反映综合性能的多目标优化函数,引入几何、位置以及行程约束,并添加压力机的工作空间和杆件不干涉等约束条件,采用遗传算法完成了多目标优化设计。结果显示:优化后的传动机构在工作阶段的速度波动降低了20.71%,最大侧向力降低了9.34%,最大压力角降低了9.16%,最大机械增益降低了5.52%,有效地提升了压力机的综合锻压性能。In order to make the press have better performance,the main drive mechanism needs to be optimally designed in terms of dimensions.Therefore,a complete set of comprehensive optimization design model for the six-link drive mechanism was constructed.Firstly,a kinematic and dynamic model was established,and the four aspects of motion stability,force transmission performance,position accuracy and force enhancement characteristics for the mechanism were analysed.Then,taking slider speed fluctuation,pressure angle,lateral force and mechanical gain of mechanism as the optimized performance indicators,the multi-objective optimization function reflecting the comprehensive performance was constructed by unified dimensional and linear weighting approach,and through introducing geometric,position and stroke constraints and adding constraints such as the working space of press and the non-interference of rod,the multi-objective optimization design was completed by the genetic algorithm.The results show that the optimized transmission mechanism reduces the speed fluctuation by 20.71%,reduces the maximum lateral force by 9.34%,and reduces the maximum pressure angle by 9.16%,and reduces the maximum mechanical gain by 5.52%during working stage,which effectively improves the comprehensive forging performance of the press.

关 键 词：六连杆机构 运动稳定性 传力性能 位置精度 增力特性 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TH112[机械工程—机械设计及理论]