微型钻头螺旋槽磨削机床精度标定方法的研究  

Research on Precision Calibration Method of Micro-drill Spiral Groove Grinding Machine Tool

作　　者：胡永祥 徐魏斌 付连宇 杨晓钧 Hu Yongxiang;Xu Weibin;Fu Lianyu;Yang Xiaojun(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen,Guangdong 518000,China;Shenzhen Jinzhou Precision Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518116,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)机电工程与自动化学院,广东深圳518000 [2]深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司,广东深圳518116

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2022年第7期61-67,99,共8页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：深圳市科技创新基金资助项目(编号:2019N019)。

摘　　要：针对钻削PCB板微孔的钻头的加工,提出一种专用的磨削微型钻头变螺旋角螺旋槽的机床结构方案。首先分析了微型钻头磨削机床的几何误差元素,根据多体系统运动学和齐次坐标变换理论建立了磨削机床的空间误差模型。其次基于激光跟踪仪测量平动轴和旋转轴几何误差元素,辨识解耦出了机床的23项几何误差,并运用7层BP神经网络对运动空间特征点空间误差数据进行拟合,精确预测出非特征点的空间误差分布。最后针对传统误差补偿方法的缺陷,提出了一种将误差补偿问题转换为最优化目标求解问题并通过遗传算法优化加工代码的方法。仿真结果显示在插补过程中传统补偿的残差平方最大值160.0585μm降至0.07048μm,残差平方平均值45.8476μm降至0.0003μm,补偿效果显著有效,验证算法的可行性。Aiming at the processing of the micro-drill for drilling the micro-holes of PCB board,a special machine tool for grinding the microdrill with variable helix angle was proposed.First,the geometric error elements of the micro-drill grinding machine were analyzed,and the spatial error model of the grinding machine was established based on the kinematics of the multi-body system and the theory of homogeneous coordinate transformation.Secondly,based on the laser tracker measure the geometric error elements of the translation axis and the rotation axis,the 23 geometric errors of the machine tool were identified and decoupled,and the 7-layer BP neural network was used to fit the spatial error data of the motion space feature points while accurately predicting the spatial error distribution of non-characteristic points.Finally,aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional error compensation method,a method of converting the error compensation problem into an optimization target solution problem and optimizing the processing code through genetic algorithm was proposed.The simulation result shows the maximum and average value of the squared residual of the traditional compensation during the interpolation process which are 160.0585μm and 45.8476μm is respectively reduced to 0.07048μm and 0.0003μm.The compensation effect is significant and effective,which verifies the feasibility of the algorithm.

关 键 词：空间误差模型 误差测量与辨识 BP神经网络 遗传算法 误差补偿 

分 类 号：TG58[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]