自我与他者:教育理解何以可能——基于胡塞尔到列维纳斯的现象学伦理转向分析  

The Self and The Other,How can Educational Understanding is Possible:An analysis Based on the Phenomenological Ethical Turn from Husserl to Levinas

作　　者：杜薇 DU Wei

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学乡村教育研究中心,长沙410081

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2022年第4期37-44,共8页University Education Science

摘　　要：教育理解作为一种意义探究和共享的活动,既体现为智识,又蕴含着德性。教育理解的正确性以及深度和广度直接关涉着教育的有效性,甚至教育质量的高低。但在近代西方哲学“自我中心”和“理性至上”主旋律影响下产生的“主体性教育”,过分强调主体的发展以及主体权利和自由的获得。这种教育思想笼罩下的教育理解呈现出自我对他者的忽视和宰制,对他者的忽视或宰制又导致了教育文本理解和教育人际理解中的双重困境。而自我视域下的教育理解机制恰恰就是自我通过主体精神运作活动对他者占有和同一化的过程。幸而现象学伦理转向为这种困境的突破提供了哲学依据和理论参考,根据伦理转向后列维纳斯的他者性理论,他者具有异质性和外在性以及无限的可能性,这是一种绝对的、不能被自我同一和还原的他者。所以在教育理解过程中自我要倾听他者的生命表达、与他者进行深入对话、促使“为他性”的个体生成。唯有如此,我们才能突破自我中心的主体性困境,才能促成有效理解的发生,使得真正的教育理解得以可能。Educational understanding,as an activity of meaning exploration and sharing,not only reflects knowledge,but also contains virtue.The correctness,depth and breadth of educational understanding are directly related to the effectiveness of the education,and even the quality of education.However,under the influence of the main themes of"egocentrism"and“rationality first”in modern Western philosophy,the"subjectivity education"overemphasized the development of the subject and the acquisition of the subject’s rights and freedom.The educational understanding shrouded by this educational thought shows the self-ignorance and domination of the other,which leads to the double dilemma in the understanding of educational texts and interpersonal understanding of education.The educational understanding mechanism from the perspective of the self is precisely the process of the self-possessing and identifying the other through the spiritual operation of the main body.Fortunately,the ethical turn of phenomenology provides a philosophical basis and theoretical reference for the breakthrough of this dilemma.According to Levinas theory of otherness after the ethical turn,the other has heterogeneity,externality and infinite possibilities,which is an absolute otherness that cannot be identified and restored by self.Therefore,in the process of educational understanding,the self must listen to the life expression of the other,conduct in-depth dialogue with the other,and promote the formation of the individual for"otherness".Only in this way can we break through the dilemma of self-centered subjectivity,promote the occurrence of effective understanding,and make the real educational understanding possible.

关 键 词：教育理解 自我 列维纳斯 他者 伦理转向 

分 类 号：G40-01[文化科学—教育学原理]