无限稀释氯化氢水溶液中离子迁移数的测定  

Determination of the Transference Numbers of Ions at an Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid Infinite Dilution

作　　者：许新华[1] 吴梅芬[1] 王晓岗 Xinhua Xu;Meifen Wu;Xiaogang Wang(School of Chemical Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China.)

机构地区：[1]同济大学化学科学与工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《大学化学》2022年第6期136-141,共6页University Chemistry

基　　金：同济大学第十五期实验教学改革专项基金项目(1380104121)。

摘　　要：基于Debye-Hückel-Onsager理论讨论了离子迁移数与电解质溶液浓度的关系,并介绍了测定无限稀释条件下离子极限迁移数的实验方法。实验证明,测得的迁移数与溶液浓度关系可以计算为一个线性拟合函数,并外推至零浓度,从而得到极限迁移数。因此,这个传统教学实验可以做出改进,以增进学生对电解质理论的理解。The relationship between the transference numbers of ions and the concentrations of electrolyte solutions is discussed based on the Debye-Hückel-Onsager theory. An experimental method for determining the transference numbers at infinite dilution is also introduced. It is shown that the transference numbers determined as a function of the concentration of the solutions follow a linear fitting function, which can be extrapolated to zero concentration to obtain the transference number at infinite dilution. Therefore, this teaching experiment should be improved to enhance students’ understanding of the principles of electrolyte theory.

关 键 词：迁移数 无限稀释 界面移动法 电解质 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O6[文化科学—教育学]