论中西哲学之根本差别  

On the Fundamental Differences Between Chinese and Western Philosophies

作　　者：吴晓明[1] Wu Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2022年第7期14-28,127,共16页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：本文旨在对中西哲学的根本差别作出理论上的阐明。其引导性的问题是:中国哲学在形而上学之内还是在形而上学之外?西方哲学的本质性是形而上学,即柏拉图主义。形而上学的基本建制在于:将超感性世界和感性世界分割开来并且对立起来;认真理或实在仅属于超感性世界;感性的事物由于“分有”超感性的理念才被视为真的或实在的。与之形成决定性对照的是:中国哲学从未居于形而上学的建制之中;这决不意味着它不分辨且不触动超感性的东西(形而上者谓之道,形而下者谓之器);但中国哲学的独特建制恰恰在于:道器不割、体用不二。中西哲学的根本差别须根据其基本建制去加以分辨,此种分辨的结果是:西方哲学的实质是形而上学,而中国哲学则依其本质一向就在形而上学之外。This paper tries to provide a theoretical clarification of the fundamental differences between Chinese and Western philosophies.The essential nature of Western philosophy follows the Platonic metaphysical construction,in which the supersensible and sensible worlds are separate.Thus the truth per se or the reality only lies in the supersensible world,while the sensible“partakes of”the truth or the reality of the former.Chinese philosophy,by contrast,has never devoted itself to such metaphysical commitment.This by no means that the Chinese do not or cannot understand things beyoud the sensible——in ancient Chinese Classics,the meta-physical is often called the Way,while the physical called the instrument.However,in Chinese philosophy,the Way and its instrument/agency/mechanism are not separate,and essence and function are not distinguishable.Thus the fundamental discrepancy between Chinese and Western philosophies lies in their theoretical constructions,the result of which is that the essence of Western philosophy is metaphysics,while that of Chinese philosophy is outside of the realm of metaphysics.

关 键 词：中西哲学比较 形而上学 基本建制 道器不割 体用不二 

分 类 号：G04[文化科学]