陀思妥耶夫斯基《白痴》中的面容与爱欲:一种列维纳斯式解读  

Face and Eros in Dostoevsky s The Idiot:A Levinasian Interpretation

作　　者：王嘉军[1] WANG Jia-jun(Department of Chinese,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中文系,上海200241

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第5期10-17,共8页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“曙光计划”资助项目(20SG25);中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学引进人才启动费项目(2021ECNU-HLYT039)。

摘　　要：列维纳斯的思想深受陀思妥耶夫斯基影响,陀思妥耶夫斯基的小说《白痴》与列维纳斯的理论存在潜在的共通。“面容”是列维纳斯哲学中的关键概念,他人的面容以其脆弱和裸露唤起了主体对他者的责任,所以面容是一种伦理召唤。这在《白痴》中有具体的体现。小说中,娜斯塔霞的面容就唤起了“白痴”梅诗金公爵对她的无限责任。梅诗金也为其他人的“面容”所召唤,也担负着为其他人的责任,但是他首先响应了娜斯塔霞的召唤,因为娜斯塔霞发出的召唤更为紧迫,这也契合列维纳斯的伦理学。列维纳斯的伦理学所预设的场景是一种紧急和例外状态,其中的他人急需主体进行伦理回应。除了面容,“爱”也是《白痴》中的重要主题,小说对于爱的多层次描写和辨析,揭示了列维纳斯所说的“爱之两可性”。通过对列维纳斯和陀思妥耶夫斯基的对读,我们可以更深入和切近地理解二者。Levinas s thought is influenced by Dostoyevsky deeply.Dostoyevsky s novel The Idiot and Levinas theory have potential common.The face is a key concept in Levinas s philosophy.The face of the other arouses the subject s responsibility to the other by its vulnerability and nudity,so the face is an ethical call.This is embodied in The Idiot.In the novel,the face of Nastasya arouses the“idiot”Myshkin s infinite responsibility for her.Myshkin is also called by others“faces”,also is laden with responsibility for others,but he first responses to the call of Nastasya,because her ethical call is more urgent.This also corresponds with the ethics of Levinas,the ethical scene in his ethics is a state of emergency and exceptions,the others are in urgent need of ethical response by the subject.In addition,“eros”is also an important theme in The Idiot.The multi-level description and analysis of love in the novel reveals what Levinas calls“the ambiguity of love”.By reading Levinas and Dostoevsky,we can understand them more deeply.

关 键 词：列维纳斯 陀思妥耶夫斯基 《白痴》 面容 爱欲 

分 类 号：I512.074[文学—其他各国文学]