岷江上游流域分形地貌对农村居民点分布的影响  

Influence of Fractal Landform on the Distribution of Rural Residential Areas in the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River

作　　者：项清 黄弘 于欢[1] 阚瑷珂 何杰 XIANG Qing;HUANG Hong;YU Huan;KAN Ai-ke;HE Jie(College of Earth Science,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Research Center for Human Geography of Tibetan Plateau and Its Eastern Slope,Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Colleges in Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川成都610059 [2]青藏高原及其东缘人文地理研究中心,四川成都610059 [3]成都理工大学旅游与城乡规划学院,四川成都610059

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2022年第8期1041-1050,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U21A200987);四川省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(RWDL2021-YB004)。

摘　　要：系统研究岷江上游流域地貌环境与农村居民点分布的关联性,对理解青藏高原东缘人居生态单元的特征及安全模式具有重要意义。该研究基于计盒法计算了岷江上游流域在不同等级流域尺度的分形维数,并结合核密度分析、空间聚类,探讨了分维数与农村居民点的数量关系,基于地理探测器揭示了流域地貌因子对农村居民点的影响特征及机制。研究结果表明:(1)总体尺度上,岷江上游流域分形地貌的幼年发育阶段促使了农村居民点整体的分布形态与分形地貌呈现正相关的叶状分支特征。支流和小流域尺度上,农村居民点密度分布、民族特征与流域地貌发育均具有一致性。(2)沟壑密度是影响农村居民点分布的主要因素,其次是海拔。同时沟壑密度∩海拔产生了显著的双因子增强效应。沟壑密度、海拔和坡长对农村居民点分布的影响具有显著的区间差异。(3)岷江上游流域地貌发育所形成的生产资源、自然灾害和景观特征,通过与农村居民点生产、生活以及居民的心理需求相耦合,从而影响农村居民点选址、迁移、消亡和扩张,形成了流域自然环境影响农村居民点分布的内在机制。Systematic study on the relationship between geomorphological environment and rural residential distribution in the upper reaches of Minjiang River is of great significance for understanding the characteristics and safety mode of human settlement ecological units in the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In this study,the fractal dimensions of the upper reaches of Minjiang River at different scales were calculated based on box counting method,and the quantitative relationship between fractal dimensions and rural residential areas was discussed by combining kernel density analysis and spatial clustering.Finally,based on geographic detectors,the influence characteristics and mechanism of watershed geomorphological factors on rural residential areas were revealed.The results show that:(1)On the overall scale,the juvenile development stage of fractal landform in the upper reaches of Minjiang River promotes the overall distribution form of rural residential areas and fractal landform to show positive correlation with leaf-like branching characteristics.On the scale of tributaries and small watersheds,the density distribution of rural residential areas,ethnic characteristics and watershed geomorphology development are consistent.(2)Gully density is the main factor affecting the distribution of rural residential areas,followed by elevation.At the same time,the gully density∩elevation has a significant two-factor enhancement effect.The effects of gully density,elevation and slope length on the distribution of rural residential areas have significant interval differences.(3)The production resources,natural disasters and landscape characteristics formed by the geomorphological development of the upper reaches of Minjiang River affect the site selection,migration,extinction and expansion of rural residential areas through coupling with the production,life and psychological needs of rural residential areas,and form the internal mechanism of the natural environment affecting the distribution of rural residential areas.

关 键 词：岷江上游 分形维数 农村居民点 地理探测器 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]