幼儿园欺凌相关问题研究进展  

Research Advances of Bullying in Kindergartens

作　　者：马世超[1] 徐瑜姣[2] 谭秀颖 MA Shi-chao;XU Yu-jiao;TAN Xiu-ying(Harbin University,Harbin 150086,China;Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨学院教师教育学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]哈尔滨师范大学教育科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《当代教研论丛》2022年第5期98-102,共5页contemporary Teaching and Research

基　　金：黑龙江省教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度重点课题:中国儿童青少年人格类型诊断标准确定及其在黑龙江省的应用(JJB1319003)。

摘　　要：本研究聚焦于幼儿园情境中的欺凌行为,旨在提醒教师不要低估幼儿早期的欺凌行为.幼儿园欺凌的主要类型有身体欺凌、语言欺凌和关系欺凌,经常欺凌他人的幼儿更具有攻击性和领导技能,而被欺凌者则比同伴更加孤僻和顺从.幼儿园组织气氛、幼儿自身的个体差异和幼儿的家庭环境都是幼儿园欺凌发生的风险因素.幼儿园欺凌对幼儿的心理发展和身体健康都有直接和长期不利影响,欺凌不仅会对被欺凌者造成身体和心理伤害,对欺凌者同样有消极影响.无论是教师、家长或是其他幼儿教育工作者,识别幼儿园中的欺凌行为并阻止其发展是非常重要的.预防和干预幼儿园欺凌的发生和发展并不是教师或家长单方面的责任,需要双方协同努力,以最佳的方式保护幼儿健康成长.This research focuses on bullying behavior in kindergarten context,and aims to remind teachers not to underestimate early bullying behavior of infants.The main types of bullying in kindergartens are physical bullying,verbal bullying and relationship bullying.Infants who often bully others are more aggressive and have leadership skills.And infants who are bullied are more withdrawn and abeyance than their peers.The organizational atmosphere of kindergarten,infant’s individual differences and infant’s family environment are the risk factors of bullying in kindergarten.Bullying in kindergartens has a direct and long-term adverse impact on infant’s psychological development and physical health.Bullying not only causes physical and psychological harm to the victims,but also has a negative impact on the bully themselves.For teachers,parents and all the other early childhood educators,it is very important to identify bullying in kindergartens and prevent its development.It is not the unilateral responsibility of teachers or parents to prevent the occurrence and development of bullying in kindergartens,but,both sides should make joint efforts to protect the healthy growth of children in the best way.

关 键 词：幼儿园欺凌 欺凌类型 欺凌角色 欺凌风险因素 

分 类 号：G611[文化科学—学前教育学]