长江流域旱地多熟模式水分供需平衡特征与水分生产效益  

Characteristics of water supply-demand equilibrium and water production benefits of the dryland multiple cropping patterns in the Yangtze River basin

作　　者：张佳运 马淑梅[2] 余常兵[3] 王淑彬[4] 魏亚凤[5] 杨文钰[1] 王小春[1] ZHANG Jia-Yun;MA Shu-Mei;YU Chang-Bing;WANG Shu-Bin;WEI Ya-Feng;YANG Wen-Yu;WANG Xiao-Chun(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,Hunan,China;Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430062,Hubei,China;College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226541,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]湖南省作物研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,湖北武汉430062 [4]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045 [5]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226541

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第11期2891-2907,共17页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209)资助。

摘　　要：长江流域年内降雨分布不均,季节性干旱问题严重,构建以避旱减灾为主体的多熟间套作种植模式是实现本区域水资源高效利用的根本途径。本研究于2016—2020年在长江流域(四川、湖北、湖南、江西、江苏等5个地区)进行旱地多熟模式水分利用特征评比试验,分别设置为四川:小麦-夏玉米(C1)、小麦-夏玉米‖夏大豆(C2)、饲草油菜-春玉米/夏大豆(C3)、马铃薯-春玉米/夏大豆(C4);湖北:油菜-夏玉米‖夏大豆(B1)、饲草油菜-春玉米‖春大豆(B2)、马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆(B3);湖南:油菜-夏玉米‖夏大豆(N1)、饲草油菜-春玉米/夏大豆(N2)、饲草油菜-春玉米‖春大豆-秋大豆(N3);江西:马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆(X1)、油菜-夏玉米‖夏大豆(X2)、黑麦草-春玉米/夏大豆(X3)、黑麦草-春玉米‖春大豆(X4);江苏:小麦-鲜食玉米/鲜食玉米(S1)、小麦-鲜食玉米/鲜食大豆(S2)、鲜食蚕豆/鲜食玉米-鲜食玉米(S3)、鲜食蚕豆/鲜食玉米-鲜食大豆(S4)。应用AquaCrop模型比较了不同种植模式的水分供需平衡特征、折谷总产量和单方水效益。4年结果表明,四川C4的水分满足率较C1、C2和C3平均分别增加5.28%、2.91%和6.00%,折谷总产量分别显著增加71.2%、49.3%和25.6%,单方水效益分别增加329.29%、123.42%和45.52%;湖北B3的水分满足率较B1和B2平均分别增加3.99%和3.51%,折谷总产量分别显著增加36.8%和25.8%,单方水效益分别增加295.60%和69.01%;湖南N2的水分满足率较N1和N3平均分别增加9.08%和2.93%,单方水效益分别增加58.47%和183.33%;江西X1的水分满足率较X2、X3和X4平均分别增加7.94%、6.70%和4.05%,折谷总产量分别显著增加112.4%、152.5%和116.8%,单方水效益分别增加70.13%、15.49%和46.53%;江苏S4的水分满足率较S1、S2和S3平均分别增加8.93%、5.85%和2.96%,折谷总产量分别显著增加35.4%、17.5%和12.6%,单方水效益分别增加60.25%、14.93%和45.56%。四川、湖北�The seasonal drought is a serious problem because of the unevenly distributed rainfall during the years in the Yangtze River basin.To construct multi-cropping patterns of intercropping with drought avoidance and disaster reduction as the main body is the fundamental way to realize the efficient utilization of water resources.Therefore,we carried out dryland multiple cropping patterns evaluation in test in the Yangtze River(Sichuan,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,and Jiangsu)from 2016 to 2020,the cropping patterns was set as wheat-summer maize(C1),wheat-summer maize summer soybean(C2),forage rape‖-spring maize/summer soybean(C3),and potato-spring maize/summer soybean(C4)in Sichuan.Rape-maizesummer soybean(B1),forage rape‖-spring maize spring soybean(B2),and potato/spring maize/summer soybean(B3)in‖Hubei;rape-maize su‖mmer soybean(N1),forage rape-spring maize/summer soybean(N2),and forage rape-spring maize spring soybean‖-autumn soybean(N3)in Hunan;potato/spring maize/summer soybean(X1),rape-maize summer soybean(X2),ryegrass‖-spring maize/summer soybean(X3),and ryegrass-spring maize spring soybean(X4).Wheat‖-fresh maize/fresh maize(S1),wheat-fresh maize/fresh soybean(S2),fresh broad bean/fresh maize-fresh maize(S3),and fresh broad bean/fresh maize-fresh soybean(S4)in Jiangsu.We compared the characteristics of supply-demand equilibrium,the paddy of the overall productions and the water benefits of different cropping patterns with the AquaCrop model.These results showed that the water satisfy rate of C4 was 5.28%,2.91%,and 6.00%higher than C1,C2,and C4,and the paddy of the overall production was 71.2%,49.3%,and 25.6%higher,respectively,and the water benefit was 329.29%,123.42%,and 45.52%higher in Sichuan.The water satisfy rate of B3 was 3.99%and 3.51%higher than B1 and B2,and the paddy of the overall production was 36.8%and 25.8%higher,and the water benefit was 295.60%and 69.01%higher in Hubei,respectively.The water satisfy rate of N2 was 9.08%and 2.93%higher than N1 and N3,and the water benefit was 58.47%and 183.3

关 键 词：长江流域 多熟模式 水分供需平衡 单方水效益 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S344[农业科学—农业基础科学]