南朝书札中山水书写的文献问题与文学评价  

Philological Issues and Literary Evaluation of Landscape Writing in Letters of the Southern Dynasties

作　　者：吴冠文[1] Wu Guanwen(Center for Sudies of Traditional Chinese Literalure,Fudan Uniuersity,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国古代文学研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期100-109,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：全国高校古委会项目“谢灵运全集编年笺注”(项目批准号:2154)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：南朝包含模山范水内容的书札在中国文学史上向来颇引人关注,其中的山水书写最被后人称许的特征有二:一是变之前山水书写的冗长滞涩为素澹简练;二是变之前山水书写的酷不入情为融情于景。若在这类书札的讨论中秉持文献学与文学研究相结合的原则,具体来说,结合唐初《艺文类聚》等类书断章选录文字的文献流传特点,以及南朝书札步趋特定书仪的书写程式化问题,便会发现后人对南朝书札中山水书写的美好印象,并不完全符合南朝相关文类的发展实际。今人毫无保留推崇的许多书札的山水书写特点,如有些现存作品之所以能予人简练素澹印象,原因是通过类书流传下来的这些断章残篇仅是原作中有限篇幅的山水点衬文字;又如有些获得情景交融美誉的山水书写,其实只是作者规拟书仪范式的“填词”之作,有失“抒情写实之旨”。若罔顾以上事实,对六朝山水文创作演变作出整体判断,则难以避免一定的偏颇。The letters of the Southern Dynasties containing the content of the landscape have attracted a lot of attention in the history of Chinese literature. The landscape writing in these letters has two characteristics that are most praised by later generations. First, they changed the previous long and stagnant landscape writing to plain and concise style;Second, they change the cool and unemotional of the previous landscape writing into a writing which is a fusion of feelings and scenery. If we adhere to the principle of combining philological and literary research in the discussion of such letters, specifically, combining the characteristics of the literature circulation of the selected texts in the early Tang Dynasty, and the issues of writing stylization in accordance with the epistolary paradigm, we will find that there are points for further reflection and scrutiny, such as the characteristics of landscape writing that later people admire unreservedly, and even the overall understanding of the development and evolution of landscape writing in the Six Dynasties.

关 键 词：南朝书札 山水书写 文献问题 文学评价 书仪 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K239.1[历史地理—历史学]