中古时期尸床葬研究  

On the corpse-platform burial of the mediaeval period

作　　者：刘连香[1] LIU Lianxiang

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学考古文博系,北京100081

出　　处：《中原文物》2022年第4期45-55,共11页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：中央民族大学“铸牢中华民族共同意识”专项研究项目支助。

摘　　要：尸床葬是一类人群可能出于信仰而采取的特殊葬式,其典型特征为不用木棺,在墓室内设置生土台或用砖石与土混筑平台以陈尸,后发展为使用石尸床、石围屏石榻,部分有叠葬现象。墓葬主要发现于河西周边地区,从西晋十六国延续至唐代。北朝时期有一部分随着人口流动而扩大至平城、关中及洛阳。尸床葬的墓主推测可能为北方某一不用木棺埋葬的游牧民族,后来主要活动于西域,在嚈哒、粟特、突厥、回鹘中可能都有该类人群存在。中古时期一部分到达河西,与各民族错居日久而形成尸床葬俗,到北朝后期少数使用木棺。中古时期尸床葬的发展演变充分体现民族之间的交流融合与相互影响。Corpse-platform burials may have come into existence due to special religious beliefs.Instead of wooden coffins,the corpse was laid on a platform made of earth or/and bricks.Thereafter,stone platforms and stone screens were incorporated.Such burial custom was mainly in the Hexi area,dating from the Western Jin period to the Tang Dynasty.In the Northern Dynasties,with the population transfers,the custom expanded to Pingcheng,Guanzhong and Luoyang.The tomb occupants may have been nomads,whose hometowns were mainly in the Western Region.In medieval China,some of them relocated to Hexi.The corpse-platform burials came into existence in the integration of diverse ethnic populations.A small number of them employed wooden coffins in late Northern Dynasties.The development of this burial custom reflection the ethnic interaction and fusion.

关 键 词：尸床葬 中古 文化融合 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K23[历史地理—历史学]