从《荀子》“譬(辟)”的用法看其论说特色  

A Study on the Distinctive Feature of Argumentation in Xunzi from the Usages of Pi(譬/辟)

作　　者：张萍[1] ZHANG Ping(College of Liberal Arts,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《唐山师范学院学报》2022年第4期22-26,共5页Journal of Tangshan Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(17YJC740118)。

摘　　要：《荀子》中“譬(辟)”相关比方指称词及“譬(辟)之犹/若”“譬(辟)之是犹”等比方句的用法均具有独特性,集中体现了《荀子》“学者之文”的特色。“譬(辟)称”丰富了汉语比方指称复合词的集合,“譬谕”奠定了“比方”义范畴重要指称词“譬喻”的构词基础。“譬(辟)之犹/若”句式引起两个或三个比方成分,延展了“譬(辟)”式比方句的句式内容,又通过重复“犹/若”将多个比方成分与“譬”关联;“譬(辟)之是犹”具有独创性,是“譬之犹”句式的强化形式,句法严密,堪称汉语“比方”义范畴“最完美格式”。《荀子》独特的“譬(辟)”式比方句式,兼顾说理的透彻与句法形式的完美。《荀子》“譬(辟)”的用法,从言谈理论及论说实践两方面推进了汉语“比方”义范畴的发展,提升了先秦论说文的修辞性与论辩性。In Xunzi,the usages of the analogy referential words related to pi(譬/辟)and the sentences such as“pizhiyou/ruo(譬/辟之犹/若)”and“pizhishiyou(譬/辟之是犹)”are unique,which embody the characteristics of“scholars’writings”.Picheng(譬/辟称)enriches the collection of Chinese analogy referential compound words,and piyu(譬谕)lays the foundation for the formation of the important referential compound piyu(譬喻).The sentence pattern of“pizhiyou/ruo(譬/辟之犹/若)”leads two or three analogy elements,which extends the content of analogy sentences composed of pi(譬/辟)while associating various analogy elements with pi(譬/辟)by repeating you(犹)or ruo(若).The sentence pattern of“pizhishiyou(譬/辟之是犹)”is original,and as the strengthened form of“pizhiyou(譬/辟之犹)”,it’s more strict in syntax,which can be called“the most perfect pattern”of the semantic category of analogy in Chinese.The unique analogy sentence patterns in Xunzi combine the thorough reasoning with the perfect syntactic form.The usages of pi(譬/辟)in Xunzi promote the development of the category of analogy in Chinese from the theory of speech and the practice of argumentation,and also promote the rhetoricity and argumentation of pre-Qin essays.

关 键 词：《荀子》 “譬(辟)” “比方”义范畴 “譬(辟)之是犹” 论说文 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]