康有为与理学之交涉重探  

A Re-Probe into the Negotiation between Kang Youwei and Neo-Confucianism

作　　者：范根生 Fan Gensheng(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2022年第4期87-98,共12页Tribune of Social Sciences

摘　　要：康有为家族具有浓厚的程朱理学传统,但他早年并未深受此影响,他早年感兴趣的是经说、史学、考据学等内容,并向往取得伟大的经世事功。进入朱次琦门下,康有为主要致力于考据学,即试图通过对经史之论的讲求来“明道“”救世”,但他很快发现考据学已变成一门无用的记诵謏闻之学,无法实现其理想,这让他内心陷入极度的怀疑、惆怅、苦闷和彷徨之中,故而开始“静坐”和“习静”,这两次灵修经历并非标志他偏重或者转向陆王心学,而是彻底抛弃通过考据学的路径方法来实现“经世致用”的理想。乙酉年,康有为大悟,开始大力发明和倡导孔子之学,他在孔子之学的标准下,融摄“程朱“”陆王“”西学”等古今中西学问之长之宜,他在义理上的“尊朱”与教学实践中的偏好“陆王”并行不悖,皆是“尊孔”的表现。此外,虽然康有为日后有很多与程朱理学相关的主张来源于其早年的教育经历,但这不能反推出他在当时就持此主张或深受此主张的影响。Kang Youwei’s family had a strong tradition of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, but he was not deeply influenced by it in his early years. In his early years, he was interested in Confucian classics, historiography and textual research, etc., and longed for great achievements in the world. After entering the school of Zhu Ciqi, Kang Youwei mainly devoted himself to textual research, that is, he tried to “enlighten the way” and “save the world” by emphasizing the theory of Confucian classics and history. But he soon discovered that textual research had become a useless study of recitation, unable to realize his ideals, which made him fall into extreme doubt, melancholy, depression and hesitation, so he began to “quiet-sitting” and “meditate”. These two spiritual experiences were not a sign of his emphasis on or turning to Lu-Wang’s study of mind, but a complete abandonment of the ideal of “practical statesmanship” through the path of textual research. In the year of Yiyou, Kang Youwei was enlightened and began to advocate the study of Confucius. Under the standard of Confucius, he integrated the knowledge of ancient and modern China and the West, such as Cheng-Zhu, Lu-Wang, and Western Learning. His “respect for Zhu Xi”in righteousness does not conflict with his preference for “Lu-Wang” in teaching practice, both of which are the expression of “respect for Confucius”. In addition, although many of Kang Youwei’s ideas related to Cheng-Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism came from his early educational experience, it cannot be reverse reasoned that he held this idea or was deeply influenced by it at that time.

关 键 词：康有为 朱次琦 程朱理学 陆王心学 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学]