广西地区不同饲养模式及不同季节水牛奶霉菌毒素污染状况调查  

Survey on Mycotoxin Contamination of Buffalo Milk in Different Seasons Under Different Feeding Modes in Guangxi

作　　者：唐庆凤[1,2,3] 李玲 黄加祥[1,2] 方文远 农皓如[1,2] 唐艳 陆呈委[1] 韦盘秋[1,2] 冯玲 TANG Qingfeng;LI Ling;HUANG Jiaxiang;FANG Wenyuan;NONG Haoru;TANG Yan;LU Chengwei;WEI Panqiu;FENG Ling(Buffalo Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530001,China;Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Buffalo Milk Quality and Safety Control Technology,Nanning 530001,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院广西水牛研究所,南宁530001 [2]广西壮族自治区水牛乳质量与安全控制技术工程研究中心,南宁530001 [3]广西大学动物科学技术学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2022年第9期3665-3675,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：广西农业科技自筹经费项目(Z202048);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-21-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解广西地区不同饲养模式下不同季节水牛奶霉菌毒素污染状况。【方法】随机采集2020年10-11月(秋季)和2021年4月(春季)每季3种饲养模式(规模化、养殖合作社或养殖小区、散养)原料水牛奶样品各8个,共计48个样品,利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定水牛奶的霉菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素M_(1)(AFM_(1))、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、HT-2毒素(HT-2)、T-2毒素(T-2)、α-玉米赤霉烯醇(α-ZEL)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON))污染状况。【结果】在48个样品中,有16个样品(33.33%)检测出AFM_(1),养殖合作社或养殖小区模式检出率最高(43.75%),散养模式检出率最低(18.75%)。检出样品的AFM_(1)含量均低于中国的国家限量标准0.5μg/kg,其中2个样品(4.17%)超过欧盟限量标准(0.05μg/kg)。原料水牛奶中HT-2、T-2、α-ZEL、ZEN和DON的成人每日最大容许摄入量(PMTDI)均远低于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织下的食品添加剂联合专家委员(JECFA)设定值,原料水牛奶中OTA的成人每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)也低于JECFA设定值,且OTA含量均低于欧盟限量标准(<2 ng/mL)。与养殖合作社或养殖小区模式相比,散养和规模化模式生产的原料水牛奶中HT-2含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。规模化模式生产的原料水牛奶T-2含量显著低于散养模式(P<0.05)。原料水牛奶中秋季AFM_(1)平均含量和超欧洲限量标准率高于春季,但春季AFM_(1)的检出率高于秋季;3种饲养模式中,春秋两季散养模式样品中AFM_(1)检出率均最低;秋季各养殖模式原料水牛奶中OTA和DON的平均含量均高于春季。【结论】目前广西地区原料水牛奶质量在安全范围(AFM_(1)含量低于0.5μg/kg,HT-2、T-2、α-ZEL、ZEN和DON的成人PMTDI及OTA的成人PTWI均低于JECFA设定值),但多种霉菌毒素在水牛奶中均有检出,污染风险仍应引起人们的警惕。【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the mycotoxin contamination of buffalo milk in different seasons under different feeding modes in Guangxi.【Method】Two seasons from October to November 2020(autumn)and April 2021(spring)were selected,and eight samples of raw buffalo milk were randomly collected from three breeding modes(large-scale,breeding cooperatives or breeding communities,free-range breeding)in each season.A total of 48 samples were collected.Mycotoxin contamination of buffalo milk,such as aflatoxin M_(1)(AFM_(1)),ochratoxin A(OTA),HT-2 toxin(HT-2),T-2 toxin(T-2),α-zearalenol(α-ZEL),zearalenone(ZEN)and deoxynivalenol(DON)were determined by ELISA.【Result】Among the 48 samples,16(33.33%)samples were detected AFM_(1).The highest detection rate was 43.75%in farming cooperatives or farming communities,and the lowest was 18.75%in free-range farming.The content of AFM_(1) in the containminated samples was lower than the national limit standard(0.5μg/kg).Two samples(4.17%)were exceeded the European Union Standard(0.05μg/kg).The adult provisional maximum tolerable daily intake(PMTDI)of HT-2,T-2,α-ZEL,ZEN and DON in raw buffalo milk were far lower than the set value of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA).The adult provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI)of OTA in raw buffalo milk was also lower than the set value of JECFA.Moreover,the content of OTA was lower than the European limit standard(<2 ng/mL).In addition,compared with the breeding cooperatives or breeding communities mode,the content of HT-2 of raw buffalo milk produced by both free-range and large-scale modes were significantly reduced(P<0.05).The content of T-2 of raw buffalo milk produced by the large-scale mode was significantly lower than free-range mode(P<0.05).In raw buffalo milk,the average content of AFM_(1) and the proportion of AFM_(1) content exceeding the European limit standard in autumn were higher than those in spring,but the detection rate of AFM_(1) in spring was higher than that in autum

关 键 词：饲养模式 原料水牛奶 霉菌毒素 ELISA法 

分 类 号：S859.84[农业科学—临床兽医学]