为贫困生教育赋能——一项随机对照田野实验研究  

Empower the Impoverished Students’Education:A Randomized Controlled Field Experiment

作　　者：何青[1] 王军辉[1] 甘犁[1] He Qing;Wang Junhui;Gan Li(Survey and Research Center for China Household Finance,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学中国家庭金融调查与研究中心

出　　处：《管理世界》2022年第9期63-82,112,共21页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(基金号:72073108);国家社科基金青年项目(基金号:20CJL018);高等学校学科创新引智计划(项目编号:B16040);中国人口福利基金会和招商局慈善基金会青年学者资助计划之“何为而治——中国当代社会治理研究”二期的资助。

摘　　要：教育扶贫重点从提高入学率转向提高学生的在校学习质量。本文通过设计一个针对小学生的随机对照实验,研究了经济激励对贫困地区教育质量的影响效果及其影响机制。激励方案重点在于对学习进步和学习过程进行激励。分析发现实验第一期效果不显著,第二学期和第三学期效果明显且稳定,效果在各种稳健性检验后稳定。激励效应在女生、少数民族学生、父母受教育程度低、中低收入家庭学生、期初成绩较差的学生以及较差学校的学生等相对弱势群体更大。机制分析发现,经济激励提高了家长对孩子教育的关注程度、时间和资金投入,也促进了学生提升学习积极性和增加学习时间。激励效应在实验结束后得到一定程度持续。本研究对提高贫困地区义务教育阶段教育质量的相关政策制定有一定参考价值。The educational anti-poverty focus has shifted from increasing school enrollment to improving the quality of learning.This paper examines the effect of cash incentives in poor areas of China by a randomized experiment.The incentive program rewarded students of their performances,their improvement,and completing homework assignments.The paper found that no improvement in testing scores at the first semester,but substantially improvements in the second and the third semesters of the experiment.These results are robust to various specifications.Further,female and minority students,students with lower social economic status,and students who had lower test scores,improved their scores more.The paper also found that cash incentives encourage parents to increase their time and financial investment in their children’s education.After the experiment,the paper found that the effect sustained.This study has some reference value for policy formulation related to improving the quality of compulsory education in poor areas.

关 键 词：现金激励 教育质量 学习过程 贫困 田野实验 

分 类 号：G511[文化科学—教育学]