清代地方志中的学校考试书写与考试文化构建——以甘肃省为考察案例  

School Examination Writing in Local Chronicles of Qing Dynasty and Examination Culture Construction:Taking Gansu Province as a Case Study

作　　者：陈郑云 CHEN Zhengyun(Huaibei Normal University,Huaibei 235065,China)

机构地区：[1]淮北师范大学历史文化旅游学院,安徽淮北235065

出　　处：《中国考试》2022年第10期84-94,共11页journal of China Examinations

摘　　要：作为按行政单位或行政区域分门别类地记录自然、政治、经济、文化和社会的历史与现状的“官书”,地方志是记述特定地域内各级各类学校考试的重要载体。以清代甘肃地方志为例,以“学校”“选举”命名的志书类目形成了书写地方学校考试的知识系统。学校考试书写旨在彰显大一统的“国家之盛”,宣扬国家教化的成效,呈现地方治理的政绩。从叙事结构上看,省、府、县不同行政级别的志书对学校考试书写有着不同的特色。从书写内容上看,地方志书从考试机构、考试制度、考试观念、考试习俗等维度构建学校考试文化的内涵与价值,以期形塑地方文治的理想模式。As the“official records”of local natural,political,economic,cultural,and social events differentiated by administrative units or administrative regions,local chronicles are an important carrier for describing school examinations at all levels and of all kinds in specific regions.By reviewing the local chronicles of Gansu province in the Qing Dynasty,this paper found that the categories of chronicles named after“schools”and“elections”formed a knowledge system for keeping the local school examinations in the record,aiming to highlight the benefits of unification,promote the effectiveness of national education,and demonstrate the achievements of local governance.From the perspective of narrative structure,chronicles at different administrative levels have different characteristics in the writing of school examinations.From the perspective of writing content,local chronicles construct the connotation and value of school examination culture from the dimensions of examination institutions,examination systems,examination concepts,and examination customs with the goal of shaping an ideal model of local cultural governance.

关 键 词：考试文化 科举考试 方志编修 学校教育 考试价值观 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]