食用大米人群甲基汞暴露健康风险及摄入量限值研究进展  

Research Progress on Health Risk and Intake Limit of Methylmercury Exposure among Rice Consumption Population

作　　者：冯琳 赵媚 冯新斌[1] 李平[1] 张华[1] FENG Lin;ZHAO Mei;FENG Xinbin;LI Ping;ZHANG Hua(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang,550081,China;Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081 [2]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2022年第5期5-12,共8页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U41921004)。

摘　　要：汞(Hg)被联合国环境规划署列为全球性污染物,其不仅可通过大气进行长距离迁移,还具有持久性、高生物富集性和高生物毒性等特点。大米是世界一半以上人口的主食,食用大米人群甲基汞(MeHg)暴露已经成为一个全球性的环境健康问题。目前国际上制定的MeHg摄入量限值标准是基于3个地区(法罗群岛、新西兰和塞舌尔)食用鱼肉人群MeHg暴露的长期研究结果,而大米并不富含有鱼肉的有益物质,国际上制定的MeHg摄入量限值标准可能不适用于评估食用大米MeHg暴露的健康风险。从汞及其化合物的理化性质与毒性、MeHg暴露相关国际标准和限值、食用大米人群MeHg暴露的健康风险与评估方法三个方面系统阐述食用大米人群MeHg暴露的最新研究进展,可为我国人群汞日最大摄入量指标值的制定和汞暴露的健康风险评估与防控提供科学依据。Mercury(Hg) has been listed as a global pollutant by the United Nations Environment Programme.It can not only be transported over long distances through the atmosphere,but also features persistence,high bioaccumulation and high biotoxicity.Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population,and human methylmercury(MeHg) exposure through rice consumption has become a global emerging issue.International MeHg intake limit standards are based on long-term studies from these three areas with fish consumption(the Faroe Islands,New Zealand and the Seychelles).As rice does not contain beneficial substances found in fish,international standards for MeHg intake may not be appropriate for assessing health risks of human MeHg exposure via rice consumption.This paper reviews the progress on human MeHg exposure through rice consumption in three aspects:physicochemical properties and toxicity of Hg and its compounds,international standards and limits for human MeHg exposure,methods suitable for assessing health risks imposed by rice MeHg exposure.These will be helpful for establishing the maximum daily intake of MeHg via rice consumption and can provide scientific evidences for health risk assessment and risk control of Hg exposure.

关 键 词：甲基汞(MeHg)暴露 大米 摄入量标准 健康风险评估 万山汞矿区 

分 类 号：X18[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X142