从静态走向动态:美国中小学生学业进步测评创新与运行支持  

From Static to Dynamic:Innovation and Operational Support of American Students’ Academic Progress Measurement

作　　者：王正青[1] 但金凤 WANG Zhengqing;DAN Jinfeng(College of Education,Institute of Interational and Comparaive Education,Southvest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部国际与比较教育研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2022年第9期40-47,共8页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2018年度教育学一般项目“新高考时代普通高中教师教学胜任力研究”(课题批准号:BHA180161)。

摘　　要：学生学业进步测评是将静态的成绩分数转化为动态发展趋势的有效途径,也是实现数据驱动学习困难群体精准帮扶的基本前提。美国中小学形成了5种学生学业进步测评方式:以与学段同龄人比较为增长依据的成长百分数测评,以学生预期增长为考量核心的增值测评,以检验学生学业标准差距为基础的成长标准测评,以考查学生成绩分数变化为手段的增益分数测评和以划分学生学业水平等级为特征的价值表测评。基于政策倡导、技术支持、多元协同、教师问责,美国中小学实现了学生学业进步测评的运行保障。美国中小学生学业进步测评创新改革扩展了学业评价的传统功能,优化了教学决策的调整机制,强化了家校协同的育人效应。The measurement mode of students’ academic progress is an effective way to transform the static score into dynamic progress trend,and it is also the basic premise to realize the accurate help of data-driven learning for the fall behind groups.American primary and secondary schools have formed five main ways to measure students’ academic progress,including student growth percentile measurement based on the comparison with academic peers,value-added measurement focusing on students’ expected growth,growth-to-standard measurement based on testing students’ academic standard gap,gain score measurement by means of observing the change of students’ score,and value table measurement focusing on classification of students’ academic level.At the same time,the United States has realized the operational support system of students’ academic progress measurement,including policy advocacy,technical support,multi collaboration and teacher accountability.The innovative mechanisms for measuring the academic progress of primary and secondary school students in the United States have had a profound impact on the expansion and multiplication of academic assessment functions,the adjustment and optimization of educational teaching decisions,and the consolidation and transformation of the structure of home-school relationships.

关 键 词：美国中小学 学业进步测评 测评模式 运行支持 

分 类 号：G571.2[文化科学—教育学]