《庄子》的无为思想与引导性政治  

“Wuwei” Thought and the Regulative Politics in the Book Zhuangzi

作　　者：陈赟[1] CHEN Yun(Institute of Modern Chinese Thought and Culture&Department of Philosophy,East China Normal University,Shanghai,China,200241)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所暨哲学系,上海200241

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期15-24,共10页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金重点项目“礼运学的综合研究”(18AZX009)。

摘　　要：《庄子》政治哲学的构思,可以理解为对支配性秩序的解构,以及构建引导性的政治秩序。对待人民的性命之情和生活世界,支配性秩序予以否定,甚至使之虚无化,而引导性政治则予以肯定并加以守护。无为是引导性政治实现自身的方式,它包含两个层次:即统治者的无为,与被统治者的有为,二者相为表里,意在调动、激发、引导人们自觉承担各正性命的事业。“无为名尸,无为谋府,无为事任,无为知主”作为《庄子》对“无为”的概括,其目的在于虚化统治者的政治主体性而激发人民的政治主体性。由于周秦之际“轴心突破”导致了秩序格局从“治出于一”到“治出于二”转变,三代以上的神圣帝王已经终结,三代以下的统治者只能是世俗的“明王”,明王之所以为明王,正在于他能够认识到自己的局限,尤其是认识到教化领域已经在其权能领域之外。以“无为”为核心的引导性秩序的承担主体,是三代以下的“明王”,而不是三代以上的帝王。The conception of the political philosophy of Zhuangzi can be understood as constructing a regulative order while deconstructing the dominative order.Any kind of dominative order denies people’s existential truth of“xing”and“ming”and life world in a nihilism way,while regulative politics both affirms and protects them.The thought of“Wuwei”(inaction)is the way in which regulative politics realizes itself.It consists of two levels:the“wuwei”of the ruler and the“youwei”of the ruled.These two aspects support each other,and the purpose is to mobilize,inspire,and guide people to consciously assume responsibility for their own“xing”and“ming”.“By inaction,one would not make oneself go for good fame,a repository of plans and schemes,the one in charge of what has to happen or ruled by your own understanding”;and in this way,Zhuangzi made a precise generalization of“Wuwei”,the purpose of which is to blur the political subjectivity of the rulers and stimulate the political subjectivity of the people.Due to the“axis breakthrough”during the Zhou and Qin dynasties,the order pattern changed from“no separation of rule and religion”to“dichotomy of religion and rule”.The sacred emperors of the“Sandai”(三代)have ended,and the rulers after the“Sandai”can only be secular“Luminous king”who can recognize their own limitations,especially the realization that the field of morality was beyond his power.The subject of the regulative order with“wuwei”at its core can only be the“Luminous king”,and it is no longer possible to be a“Sacred emperors of Sandai”.

关 键 词：支配性秩序与引导性政治 无为 明王 应帝王 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]