中国青少年不良饮食行为及影响因素分析  

Unhealthy dietary behaviors and influencing factors among Chinese adolescents

作　　者：李红飞 陈靖敏 黄丽华[4] 莫健 LI Hong-fei;CHEN Jing-min;HUANG Li-hua;MO Jian(Guangzhou Xinhua University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]广州新华学院,广东广州510520 [2]华东理工大学社会与公共管理学院,上海200237 [3]兰州大学哲学社会学院 [4]广东工业大学法学院 [5]中山大学附属第三医院,广东广州510630

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2022年第18期3344-3350,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2020年度广东高校科研项目(2020WQNCX107);广州市哲学社科规划2020年度课题(2020GZQN56)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国青少年不良饮食行为情况和影响因素,为采取针对性的营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用中国教育追踪调查2014—2015学年的追踪数据共10750名八年级学生进行分析。数据分析组间比较选择χ^(2)检验,不良饮食行为的影响因素分析采用多元logistic回归模型。结果青少年经常或总是饮用含糖/碳酸饮料的报告率为21.36%,而经常或总是食用油炸/烧烤食品的报告率为14.60%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,青少年含糖/碳酸饮料消费行为的危险因素包括家庭经济情况(富裕:OR=1.538,95%CI:1.258~1.882,P<0.001)、父亲经常醉酒(OR=1.530,95%CI:1.308~1.789,P<0.001)、母亲的受教育水平(初中或高中:OR=1.237,95%CI:1.076~1.422,P<0.01)、父亲的受教育水平(初中或高中:OR=1.189,95%CI:1.011~1.397,P<0.05)、与朋友外出运动、看电影(一年或半年一次:OR=1.146,95%CI:1.016~1.294,P<0.05;每月或每周一次:OR=1.786,95%CI:1.562~2.043,P<0.001;每周一次以上:OR=2.327,95%CI:1.791~3.024,P<0.001);保护因素包括女性(OR=0.746,95%CI:0.672~0.829,P<0.001)、与父母吃晚饭(一年或半年一次:OR=0.601,95%CI:0.412~0.878,P<0.01;每周一次以上:OR=0.696,95%CI:0.495~0.979,P<0.05)、自评整体健康情况(一般:OR=0.783,95%CI:0.641~0.956,P<0.05;比较好/很好:OR=0.652,95%CI:0.539~0.790,P<0.001)。青少年油炸/烧烤食品消费行为的危险因素包括女性(OR=1.187,95%CI:1.054~1.335,P<0.01)、家庭经济情况(富裕:OR=1.377,95%CI:1.093~1.735,P<0.01)、父亲经常醉酒(OR=1.684,95%CI:1.417~2.001,P<0.001)、与朋友外出运动、看电影(每月或每周一次:OR=1.706,95%CI:1.454~2.001,P<0.001;每周一次以上:OR=2.783,95%CI:2.126~3.644,P<0.001);保护因素包括与父母吃晚饭(每周一次以上:OR=0.673,95%CI:0.461~0.981,P<0.05)、自评整体健康情况(一般:OR=0.788,95%CI:0.634~0.980,P<0.05,比较好/很好:OR=0.579,95%CI:0.469~0.714,P<0.001)。结论青少年不良饮食行为不仅受到个体因素影响,还�Objective To investigate risk factors of unhealthy dietary behaviors among adolescents,and to provide evidence for development of targeted measures for nutrition and health.Methods We used data from the China Education Panel Survey(CEPS)2014 to 2015 school year.A total of 10750 adolescents were included in the final analyses.Chi-square test was used to test differences of categorical variables.Multivariate logistic analyses were used to determine the risk factors of unhealthy dietary behaviors.Results The reporting rate of adolescents who often or always drank sugary or carbonated beverages was 21.36%,and 14.60%of the respondents often or always ate fried and barbecued food.Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that risk factors of consumption of sugary or carbonated beverages included family social-economic status(rich:OR=1.538,95%CI:1.258-1.882,P<0.001),father drank a lot(OR=1.530,95%CI:1.308-1.789,P<0.001),mother’s educational level(middle school or high school:OR=1.237,95%CI:1.011-1.397,P<0.05),father’s educational level(middle school or high school:OR=1.189,95%CI:1.011-1.397,P<0.05)and going out with friends to exercise and watch movies(once a year or half a year:OR=1.146,95%CI:1.016-1.294,P<0.05;monthly or weekly:OR=1.786,95%CI:1.562-2.043,P<0.001;more than once a week:OR=2.327,95%CI:1.791-3.024,P<0.001).Protective factors included female(OR=0.746,95%CI:0.672-0.829,P<0.001),having dinner with parents(once a year or half a year:OR=0.601,95%CI:0.412-0.878,P<0.01;more than once a week:OR=0.696,95%CI:0.495-0.979,P<0.05),self-assessment of overall health status(medium:OR=0.783,95%CI:0.641-0.956,P<0.05;better/very good:OR=0.652,95%CI:0.539-0.790,P<0.001).The risk factors of fried and barbecued food consumption behaviors included female(OR=1.187,95%CI:1.054-1.335,P<0.01),family social-economic status(rich:OR=1.377,95%CI:1.093-1.735,P<0.01),father drank a lot(OR=1.684,95%CI:1.417-2.001,P<0.001),going out with friends to exercise and watch movies(monthly or weekly:OR=1.706,95%CI:1.454-2.001,P<0.001;m

关 键 词：青少年 含糖/碳酸饮料 油炸/烧烤食品 不良饮食行为 

分 类 号：R155.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]