川芎、干姜和穿心莲提取物及其组合抑菌活性研究  

Antifungal activities of the extracts from Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Zingiberis Rhizoma and Andrographis Herba and their combinations

作　　者：赵晴 张智蕊 徐凤波[1] 李庆山[1] 李娇 ZHAO Qing;ZHANG Zhirui;XU Fengbo;LI Qingshan;LI Jiao(College of Chemistry,Nankai University,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学化学学院,元素有机化学国家重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第5期149-157,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200100)。

摘　　要：本文研究了3种中药提取物及其组合对5种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,筛选出优秀的可抑制植物病原真菌的中药提取物组合。用不同溶剂对川芎、干姜、穿心莲3种中药的活性成分进行提取;利用菌丝生长速率法探讨3种中药提取物及其组合对5种植物病原真菌的抑制作用;采用Gowing法对提取物组合协同增效作用进行判断;采用GC-MS、HPLC、UV对3种提取物进行成分分析和含量测定,分析抑菌机理。结果表明,在1∶1(m∶m)配比下,川芎+干姜提取物在100 mg/L时对水稻稻瘟病菌Pyricularia oryzae、油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani、黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum表现为增效作用,且抑菌率均大于80%;川芎+穿心莲提取物在100 mg/L时对水稻稻瘟病菌和水稻纹枯病菌表现为增效作用且抑菌率均大于88%;干姜+穿心莲提取物在500 mg/L时对水稻稻瘟病菌、油菜菌核病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、花生褐斑病菌Cercospora arachidicola表现为增效作用且抑菌率均大于88%;通过GC-MS鉴定出川芎提取物挥发性成分主要为内酯类,总含量达90%以上,干姜提取物主要化学成分为倍半萜类,总含量达70%以上,利用HPLC测得穿心莲主要抑菌成分穿心莲内酯含量为2.67%,利用紫外分光光度法测得川芎主要抑菌成分酚酸类含量为9.15%,穿心莲主要抑菌成分黄酮含量为4.85%。抑菌机理分析得出,川芎酚酸类成分和穿心莲部分黄酮类成分具有亲水性,可打开细胞壁通道,使川芎内酯类、干姜倍半萜类和穿心莲内酯黄酮类等亲脂性成分顺利通过细胞壁,利用亲脂性破坏细胞膜,阻碍细胞生长,从而达到协同抑菌的功效。The antibacterial activity of the extracts from three Chinese herbal medicines and their combinations against five species of plant fungi were determined to select the optimal combination of the extracts for the control of plant pathogenic fungi.Different solvents were used to extract the active ingredient from Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Zingiberis Rhizoma and Andrographis Herba.The mycelial growth rate method was used to investigate the inhibitory effects of three Chinese herbal medicines extracts and their combinations on five plant fungi.The Gowing method was used to judge the synergistic effect of the extracts combination.GC-MS,HPLC and UV were used to analyze the composition and content of the three extracts,and to analyze the antibacterial mechanism.The results showed that,at the ratio of 1∶1(m∶m),the extracts of Chuanxiong Rhizoma+Zingiberis Rhizoma at 100 mg/L showed synergistic effects on Pyricularia oryzae,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum,and the inhibition rates were all more than 80%.At 100 mg/L,Chuanxiong Rhizoma+Andrographis Herba extracts showed synergistic effect on P.oryzae,R.solani,and the inhibition rate was more than 88%.Zingiberis Rhizoma+Andrographis Herba extracts with concentration of 500 mg/L showed synergistic effect on P.oryzae,S.sclerotiorum,R.solani,C.arachidicola,and the inhibition rate was more than 88%.The volatile components of Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract were mainly lactones accounting for more than 90% of the total content,and the main chemical components of Zingiberis Rhizoma extract were sesquiterpenoids,accounting for more than 70% of the total content,based on GC-MS.The content of andrographolide,the main antibacterial component of Andrographis Herba extract,was 2.67% by HPLC.Based on ultraviolet spectrophotometry,the content of phenolic acids in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and flavonoid in Andrographis Herba were 9.15% and 4.85%,respectively.Antibacterial mechanism analysis showed that phenolic acids in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and part of flavono

关 键 词：中药提取物 提取物组合 抑菌 增效 抑菌机理 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]