论道德意愿的原始发生及其实践逻辑  

On the Primitive Occurrence of Moral Will and Its Practical Logic

作　　者：晏辉 张蕴睿 Yan Hui;Zhang Yunrui

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院,上海200234

出　　处：《中州学刊》2022年第9期107-112,共6页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“当代中国道德观念史与道德实践史研究”(20&ZD038)。

摘　　要：人的意愿由心灵自发而生,是以需要为内心活动和外在实践的根基,以实践理性获得材料与正当性,融合兴趣与偏好结构,在惯习的限制下形成的“有意于”结构,在努斯与逻各斯的指引下向往着属人之善。然而,现实生活中的意愿问题具有复杂性,现代性与全球化造成了意愿的非自主、非现实、分裂与冲突,相较于人清楚表现于客体世界的行为事实而言具有隐匿性。只有将人之意愿作为客观而普遍的要素概念置于人的行为逻辑中加以考察,才能完全地将特殊因素包含于普遍性之中加以思考,这样的道德判断原则才具有建构性,在其面对现实、解释个别时才具有范导性。意愿虽然对于道德选择具有存在因、始因、动力因的意义,对于道德判断与道德归责具有主体性的价值,但迫于诸多不确定、不可控因素,意愿仅能作为道德选择与判断的必要不充分条件。The human will spontaneously arises from the mind.Taking needs as the foundation of inner activity and external practice,it obtains material and legitimacy with practical rationality,integrates interest and preference structure,and forms a structure of“intending to”under the restriction of habits,with a yearning for human goodness under the guidance of Nous and Logos.However,the issue of will in real life is complex.Modernity and globalization have caused involuntary,unrealistic,divided and conflicting will,which is hidden compared to the fact of human behavior clearly manifested in the object world.Therefore,only by considering human will as an objective and universal element concept and placing it in the logic of human behavior,can we think about the particulars within the universals,and such principles of moral judgment are constructive,as well as regulative when facing the reality and explaining the individuality.Although will has the meaning of existence,original cause,and dynamic cause for moral choice,and has the value of subjectivity for moral judgment and moral imputation,due to many uncertain and uncontrollable factors,it can only be used as a necessary but not sufficient condition for moral choice.

关 键 词：意愿 行为逻辑 道德判断 道德选择 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]