军事院校实现一流本科教育的路径研究——来自美国三所军官学院的案例  

The Way for Military Academies to Achieve First-Class Undergraduate Education: A Case Study of Three United States Service Academies

作　　者：胡俊明 卢晓东[1] HU Jun-ming;LU Xiao-dong(Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《高等教育研究学报》2022年第3期12-17,共6页Journal of Higher Education Research

基　　金：海军航空大学教育理论研究课题(HHCJ2020-424-28);北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度重点课题(BBAA21026)。

摘　　要：根据口碑、人才培养质量和教育教学指标,美国军官学院拥有一流本科教育。美国军官学院的人才培养目标是面向长远的精英教育,无论是领导者培养目标还是科学文化教育标准,都突出面向未来的能力导向,而不是仅仅只专注于毕业后岗位任职能力。目标指导下的教育实践将通识教育、专业教育、职业教育糅合起来,内部评价指标聚焦人才培养质量,在军事计划体制下保持了适度学习自由,其坚持以学生发展为中心的人才培养理念、通识教育、核心课程、低生师比、小班化教学、课堂质量、住宿学院/书院、本科生学术活动、导师制等构成一流本科教育要素。美国军官学院的理念和做法对于我们建设一流军校、打造一流军事本科教育、培养军事领袖人才具有参考价值。Based on the reputation, the quality of personnel training, and the education evaluation system, the United States service academies have first-class undergraduate education. The service academies’ objective of personnel training is elite education for future. Both the leader development objective and the academic program goals highlight the future-oriented competence instead of merely focusing on military competence as a junior officer. Target-directed educational practice blends general education, professional education and vocational education together. Their education evaluation system focuses on the quality of personnel training and preserves a moderate learning freedom under the planned military system. Also, its student-centered personnel training concept, general education, core curriculum, small student-faculty ratio, seminar, teaching quality, residential college system, undergraduate research program, academic advising all together constitute the main points of the first-class undergraduate education. The concept and experience of the United States service academies will give us reference on the construction of first-class military academies, first-class military undergraduate education and military leader training.

关 键 词：西点军校 军事高等教育 一流本科教育 生师比 小班教学 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]