儿童化脓性脑膜炎流行病学、治疗及遗传学研究进展  

Update on epidemiology,treatment and genetics of purulent meningitis in children

作　　者：张玲毓(综述) 胡越(审校)[1] Zhang Lingyu;Hu Yue(Department of Neurology,Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics,Chongqing 400010,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属儿童医院神经内科,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心,儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室,儿科学重庆市重点实验室,400010

出　　处：《国际儿科学杂志》2022年第8期519-523,共5页International Journal of Pediatrics

摘　　要：化脓性脑膜炎(purulent meningitis,PM)是导致儿童中枢神经系统感染及后遗症的主要原因之一。PM致病菌的种类与地区、社会经济、环境因素及年龄等有关。随着疫苗的普及,PM流行病学特征发生改变,肺炎链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、B族链球菌仍是我国儿童PM主要病原菌。抗生素是主要治疗手段,皮质类固醇在PM的治疗中存在争议。常规疫苗接种可预防PM及其并发症。免疫系统的遗传变异被证实与PM的易感性有关。该文综述了儿童PM流行病学变迁、治疗及遗传关联的最新进展,为该疾病的诊断、治疗提供帮助。Purulent meningitis(PM)is the main reasons of infectious diseases in the central nervous system of children.It is one of the leading causes of neurological sequelae in children.Pathogens are related to region,socioeconomic status,environment,age,etc.The epidemiology has been changing owing to the increasing vaccination coverage rate.Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Escherichia coli and group B Streptococcus are the main pathogens of PM in children.Antibiotics are the main treatment.Corticosteroids are controversial in the treatment of PM.Vaccination is the main method to prevent PM and its complications.With the development of genetics,the genetic variation of immune system has been proved to be related to the susceptibility of PM.This article reviews recent advances in epidemiological changes,treatment,and genetic associations of PM in children.It is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of PM.

关 键 词：儿童 化脓性脑膜炎 流行病学 遗传学 治疗 

分 类 号：R742.9[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]