动物的审美主体性生成——21世纪以来中国动物文学的生态伦理  

The Generation of Animal Aesthetic Subjectivity and Value Demands of Construction of Ecological Civilization:The Ecological-Ethical Writing of Chinese a Animal Literature since the New Millennium

作　　者：张国龙[1] ZHANG Cuo-long

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2022年第5期132-144,238,共14页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FZWB087)。

摘　　要：生态中心主义观照整个生态系统,而整个生态系统容纳所有生命,超越了人/动物的二元对立。这种以所有生命体共存为核心的生态伦理观,直接影响了21世纪以来的中国动物文学创作。动物不再仅仅是反观人性的工具或者符码,更是作为纯粹的审美主体探察众多生命样态存在的样本。以塑造狗和狼形象为主的中国动物文学,逐渐卸下了人性外衣,切近动物本性,尤以郭雪波、陈应松、叶广芩和格日勒其木格·黑鹤等作家为代表。郭雪波塑造新型的沙漠狼和狐狸形象,以期实现生态救赎;陈应松主张“人兽相融”,忧虑神农架面临的生态危机,批判引发生态危机的元凶——人;叶广芩以母性的包容和体恤,书写秦岭山地人和动物的冲突与和谐;格日勒其木格·黑鹤的动物小说则体现了纯粹的动物叙事和生态书写的本真。他们平视动物作为审美主体的主体性,彰显生态伦理价值观,塑造了一系列原生态的动物形象。确保动物的审美主体性的生成,既是21世纪以来中国动物文学的审美新变,又是基于生态中心主义和生态伦理立场的文学选择,还与建设生态文明的价值诉求相吻合。Ecocentrism emphasizes a general comprehension of the holistic ecosystem that an entire ecosystem includes all sorts of beings,which transcends the human-animal dichotomy. The ecological-ethical value based on the coexistence of all sorts of beings has impacted the creation of animal literature in China since the new millennium. Animals are not merely instruments or signs to reflect humanity,but pure aesthetic subjects that explore the existence of various modalities of life. The Chinese animal literature which focuses on figures of wolves and dogs gradually approaches animality and shifts away from humanity,which is especially seen in works by Guo Xuebo,Chen Yingsong,Ye Guangqin,and Gerileqimeg Heihe. Aiming at ecological salvation,Guo Xuebo depicts new figures of desert wolves and foxes;concerned by the ecological crisis in Shennongjia,Chen Yingsong advocates a fusion of humans and animals and criticizes humans as the archcriminal;Ye Guangqin foregrounds the conflicts and harmony between humans and animals in Qinling Mountains with inclusive maternal care;Gerilechimeg Heihe’s animal literature displays the purity of animal narration and the authenticity of eco-writing. These writers lay stress on the subjectivity of animals as aesthetic subjects,show case the ecological-ethical values,and shape a series of animal characters. Assuring the generation of aesthetic subjectivity of animals is the recent change of Chinese animal literature and a literary selection based on ecocentrism and ecological ethic,and thus resonates with the value demands of the construction of ecological civilization.

关 键 词：21世纪动物文学 儿童文学 审美主体性 生态伦理 生态中心主义 生态文明建设 

分 类 号：I207.42[文学—中国文学]