基层医疗卫生机构公共卫生从业人员继续教育状况与需求回顾性调查分析  

Retrospective investigation and analysis of current situation and demand of public health personnel in primary health care institutions in continuing education

作　　者：马静[1] 刘梦冉 戴政[1] 罗会明[1] Ma Jing;Liu Mengran;Dai Zheng;Luo Huiming(Department of Education and Training,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心教育培训处,北京102206

出　　处：《中华医学教育杂志》2022年第9期853-857,共5页Chinese Journal of Medical Education

基　　金：中国工程院重大咨询研究项目(2016-ZD-11);中国疾控中心专业公共卫生人才培养项目(131031001000200007)。

摘　　要：目的回顾性分析基层医疗卫生机构公共卫生从业人员的继续教育状况与需求,为做好基层公共卫生从业人员继续教育工作提供依据。方法对来自江苏、广东、山西、湖北、新疆、四川等6省(自治区)的116个乡镇卫生院、社区卫生服务中心进行问卷调查,并对47名公共卫生从业人员进行半结构式访谈,收集分析2014至2016年基层医疗卫生机构公共卫生从业人员状况、继续教育存在的主要问题以及需求和建议,采用Fisher确切概率方法分析相关数据。结果 94.8%(110/116)的乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务中心设置了公共卫生科室,工作范围主要集中在预防保健、计划免疫和慢性病管理等领域。2014至2016年从事公共卫生工作人员的专业构成中,公共卫生与预防医学专业占比分别为10.8%(174/1 603)、10.2%(176/1 723)、9.8%(178/1 825),其差异无统计学意义(P=0.999)。本科以下学历3年平均占比75.2%(3 912/5 151),100.0%(116/116)的被调查机构认为需要开展针对公共卫生从业人员的继续教育。在有效回应访谈问题的人员中,对公共卫生从业人员的继续教育工作"不满意"的比例占51.6%(16/31),37.9%(11/29)的受访者认为外出学习机会较少、培训覆盖面不够广是继续教育存在的首要问题。结论基层医疗卫生机构从事公共卫生工作的人员中,公共卫生与预防医学专业背景占比较低,学历普遍较低。基层公共卫生从业人员对继续教育需求很大但总体满意度不高。国家应做好顶层设计、重视基层公共卫生从业人员的继续教育,开展有针对性地公共卫生专项培训,提升人员素质与能力。Objective To analyze retrospectively the states of continuing education and needs of public health practitioners in rural medical healthcare institutions,so as to support the continuing education for rural healthcare providers and their performance of public health service.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 116 township healthcare centers and community health service centers from 6 provinces(autonomous regions)including Jiangsu,Guangdong,Shanxi,Hubei,Xinjiang and Sichuan,and 47 public health practitioners were interviewed in a semi-structured manner to collect and analyze the current status of public health practitioners in rural areas,the main problems existing in continuing education,needs and suggestions from 2014 to 2016,Fisher exact probability method was used to analyze the relevant data.Results It is found that 94.8%(110/116)of township health centers and community health service centers have set up public health departments to carry out routine public health-related work focusing on disease prevention and health care,vaccination and management of non-contagious chronic disease.From 2014 to 2016,the proportion of staff with professional education background of public health and preventive medicine has been kept decrease as 10.8%(174/1603),10.2%(176/1723),9.8%(178/1825),there were no significant differences(P=0.999),and most of them have no bachelor's degree[75.2%(3912/5151)].One hundred percent(116/116)of the institutions covered by the investigation have the need to strengthen the continuing education for public health personnel.Among those who responded effectively to the interview questions,51.6%(16/31)are"dissatisfied"with the current continuing education for public health practitioners and 37.9%(11/29)of them believe that the primary problems of continuing education were few opportunities to get training with sufficient disciplinary choice outside the area where they provide service.Conclusions Among the personnel engaged in public health work in rural area,the low percentage of the staff

关 键 词：公共卫生 基层医疗卫生 继续教育 需求 

分 类 号：R-4[医药卫生]