空间碎片激光测距的距离预报偏差实时修正算法  

Range Prediction Deviation Real-time Correction Algorithm for Space Debris Laser Ranging

作　　者：高健[1] 梁智鹏[1] 韩兴伟[1,2] 董雪 安宁[1] 温冠宇[1] 刘承志[1,2] GAO Jian;LIANG Zhipeng;HAN Xingwei;DONG Xue;AN Ning;WEN Guanyu;LIU Chengzhi(Changchun Observatory,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130117,China;Key Laboratory of Space Object and Debris Observation,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站,长春130117 [2]中国科学院空间目标与碎片观测重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《光子学报》2022年第9期334-342,共9页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(Nos.11903059,11973064,12073052);吉林省科技发展计划(No.20200801050GH)。

摘　　要：为在空间碎片测距过程中实时修正距离预报偏差,提高距离门回波搜索捕获效率和测距成功率,以空间目标轨道相对运动动力学为理论基础,构建了近圆轨道空间碎片距离预报偏差实时修正的理论模型和算法模型。理论模型中的空间几何模型定义了站-星矢量和预报偏差矢量的空间相对位置关系,状态演化模型以Clohessy-Wiltshire方程为数学基础对相对运动的演化过程进行数学描述,角度观测模型构建了视位置角度偏差观测量和预报偏差矢量的几何映射关系。算法模型以卡尔曼滤波器作为相对运动初始状态求解器,实现了对距离预报偏差真值的最优估计。所选近地合作目标的数值仿真统计结果显示,角度观测量标准差为2″时,距离预报偏差实时修正算法能够在过境弧段的前15%以内将距离偏差量修正至小于100 m,是一种有效的预报偏差实时修正技术。In practical space debris laser ranging systems,the performance of operation depends on the accuracy of range predictions.However,widely used Two-Line-Element(TLE)predictions usually present too large range prediction deviation,which can not satisfy laser ranging demands,or requires a long time of so-called range searching.To improve the performance of space debris laser ranging operations,we further investigated the mechanism of range prediction deviation.With the help of orbital relative motion theory and ground to space observation geometry,we constructed a mathematical model for range prediction deviation of orbital objects on near-circular orbit.The predicted and actual positions on orbit were considered as adjacent objects.The orbital relative motion of adjacent objects was described by Clohessy-Wiltshire(C-W)equation,which models the relative motion,as well as their derivatives to time.Combining the relative motion vector with its time derivative made the six-dimensional state of relative motion(the state).Given the C-W equation as state transition,the state at any time was determined from the state at initial time,a.k.a.the initial state.On the other hand,the ground to space observation geometry provided linear mapping from the six-dimensional state of relative motion to twodimensional observational angular offsets.In this manner,the Equation-of-Motion(EOM)and Equationof-Observation(EOO)were formed for the initial state.We adopted a classical Kalman filter to solve for the initial state of relative motion from observations.Once estimated,the initial state was propagated to observation time and mapped into range prediction deviation.Thus,the optimal estimation of the current range prediction deviation was achieved in real-time.The testing scenario was setup to assess the real-time correction algorithm.The scenario contains nine Low-Earth-Orbit(LEO)satellites representing different orbit types.The simulated time span contains 20 days,from Dec.1st to Dec.20th in 2021.To simulate TLE-based space debris laser

关 键 词：空间大地测量 距离偏差实时修正 光学测角 轨道相对运动 空间碎片 激光测距 卡尔曼滤波 

分 类 号：P228.5[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]