Strategies for improving the efflcacy of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma  

作　　者：Ying Zhu Lun-Xiu Qin 

机构地区：[1]Department of General Surgery,Huashan Hospital,Cancer Metastasis Institute,Fudan University,Shanghai 200040,China [2]Institutes of Biomedical Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China

出　　处：《Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International》2022年第5期420-429,共10页国际肝胆胰疾病杂志（英文版）

基　　金：supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902390);the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(91959203);the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930074)。

摘　　要：Primary liver cancer,mainly hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),is the sixth most diagnosed cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death globally.Recently,immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have made great progress in the systemic treatment of HCC.However,anti-PD-1 therapy with pembrolizumab or nivolumab as a single agent did not meet their predefined end points of overall survival in the KEYNOTE-240 and Check Mate 459 trials.It is urgent to understand the immunological rationale and explore novel ways to improve the efflcacy of immunotherapy.The combination of ICIs with other therapies,such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),monoclonal antibodies,or local therapy,has been demonstrated to improve overall response rate and survival.In addition,modulating tumor microenvironment is a potential way to overcome the primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapies.In this review,we summarized the latest findings in the immune microenvironment,the mechanisms of their synergistic effects when combined with anti-VEGF agents or TKIs,as well as other kinds of immune treatment.

关 键 词：Hepatocellular carcinoma Tumor microenvironment Immune checkpoint inhibitors INTERFERON-Α Programmed death receptor 1 

分 类 号：R735.7[医药卫生—肿瘤]