哈尔滨市道里区蔬菜基地生菜和水土环境中常见细菌污染调查分析  

Analysis on the Contamination of Four Common Bacteria in the Lettuce and Environmental Water and Soil in Daoli District in Harbin City

作　　者：黄翠 单宏 李莉莉 梁溪桐 兰静 张瑞英 HUANG Cui;SHAN Hong;LI Lili;LIANG Xitong;LAN Jing;ZHANG Ruiying(Institute of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Inspection and Testing Center for Quality of Cereals and Their Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150086,China;Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学研究院农产品质量安全研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]农业部农产品质量监督检验测试中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《食品安全导刊》2022年第29期51-56,共6页China Food Safety Magazine

基　　金：农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP201900505)。

摘　　要：目的:了解哈尔滨市生菜和生菜生长水土环境中常见细菌的污染情况,为调查和预防生菜中潜在的风险因子提供参考。方法:采集2019—2021年哈尔滨市周边3个生菜种植基地生菜样品200份,水土环境样品70份,参照相关国家标准,对大肠菌群、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌进行检测。用SPSS软件进行相关统计分析。结果:生菜及环境样品中,沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均未检出,土壤中大肠菌群与蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率均高于生菜(p<0.05),紫叶生菜中蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率高于绿叶生菜(p<0.05);绿叶生菜中大肠菌群检出率2020年高于2019年和2021年(p<0.05),蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率2020年高于2021年(p<0.05)和2019年(p<0.05)。结论:生菜和水土环境中分别检出了大肠菌群和蜡样芽孢杆菌,生食生菜具有一定的安全隐患,相应的细菌污染来源值得关注,建议从生菜生产源头加强产地安全监管,保障生菜质量安全。Objective: To understand the common bacterial contamination in lettuce and enviromental water and soil samples in Harbin, and to provide reference for the investigation and prevention of potential risk factors in lettuce. Method: 200 lettuce and 70 environmental soil and water samples were collected from three lettuce planting bases in Harbin from 2019 to 2021. Coliform, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were tested with reference to relevant national standards. SPSS 16.0 software was used to make statistical analysis of the detection rate. Result: Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in lettuce and environmental samples. The positive rate of coliform and Bacillus cereus in soil samples was higher than that in lettuce(p<0.05), and that in purple leaf lettuce was higher than that in green leaf lettuce(p<0.05). The detection rate of coliform in green lettuce in 2020 was higher than that in 2019 and 2021(p<0.05);the detection rate of Bacillus cereus in 2020 was higher than that in 2021(p<0.05) and 2019(p<0.05). Conclusion: Raw lettuce has a certain potential safety hazard, it is suggested to strengthen the safety supervision from the source of lettuce production to ensure the quality and safety of lettuce.

关 键 词：生菜 大肠菌群 沙门氏菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 蜡样芽孢杆菌 

分 类 号：X508[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TS255.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]