茶园土壤磷生物活化研究  

Research on Soil Phosphorus Bioactivation in Tea Plantation

作　　者：李干蓉[1] 张友 方小宁[1] Li Ganrong;Zhang You;Fang Xiaoning(Tongren Polytechnic College,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁职业技术学院,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《绿色科技》2022年第18期23-27,32,共6页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：基础科学研究计划项目(编号:铜市科研〔2020〕115号;铜市科研〔2019〕102号)。

摘　　要：磷是茶园生产力关键的限制元素,长期施肥满足茶园需求导致磷在土壤中大量累积,使得磷肥的利用率偏低。磷活化是指一系列旨在增强土壤磷转化为能被植物吸收利用的方法。因此,土壤磷的活化是关系到作物生产可持续性、环境友好的重要问题。综述了土壤磷的存在形态及其含量,土壤磷生物活化研究进展,重点揭示了微生物、植物、土壤动物对土壤磷的活化研究的存在的问题和不足,提出了在未来的研究中:①加强土壤磷的研究方法和技术研究,精准掌握土壤的磷的形态及其生物有效性,特别加强高分子有机磷生物有效性的研究;②系统揭示生物对土壤磷的活化机制,提升生物对土壤磷活化效率;③强化土壤磷流失/漏失风险评估,充分发挥土壤生物在茶园土壤的积极作用,精准施策,提升土壤磷的使用效率。Phosphorus is the key limiting element of tea garden productivity.Long-term fertilization to meet the demand of tea garden leads to a large amount of phosphorus accumulation in the soil,which makes the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer low.Phosphorus activation refers to a series of methods designed to enhance the conversion of soil phosphorus to be taken up and used by plants.Therefore,the activation of soil phosphorus is an important issue related to the sustainability and environmental friendliness of crop production.In this paper,the existing form and content of soil phosphorus and the research progress of soil phosphorus bioactivation were reviewed,and the existing problems and deficiencies in the research of soil phosphorus bioactivation by microorganisms,plants and soil animals were highlighted.Some suggestions are proposed in the future research:①the research methods and technology of soil phosphorus should be strengthened to accurately grasp the form of soil phosphorus and its bioavailability.Especially the research on the bioavailability of polymer organic phosphorus should be strengthened;②The system reveals the mechanism of biological activation of soil phosphorus and improves the efficiency of biological activation of soil phosphorus;③the risk assessment of soil phosphorus loss/leakage should be strengthened to give full play to the positive role of soil organisms in tea garden soil,implement precise policies,and improve the efficiency of soil phosphorus use.

关 键 词：茶园土壤 磷酸酶 有机酸 微生物 蚯蚓 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]