以集群发展促进教育质量提升:英国乡村小规模学校发展路径与启示  

Improving Educational Quality with School Cluster Model:The Development Path of Small-Scaled Rural Schools in UK and Its Implications

作　　者：赵丹[1] 范先佐[2] ZHAO Dan;FAN Xianzuo(Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710062,China;Huazhong Normal University,Wuhan 410079,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,西安710062 [2]华中师范大学教育学院,武汉410079

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2022年第5期96-107,共12页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于集群发展的乡村小规模学校教育质量提升研究”(项目编号:71874140);2022年陕西省哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目“乡村振兴背景下乡村小规模学校高质量发展研究”;陕西师范大学特聘教授人才支持项目。

摘　　要：基于小规模学校隔离程度高、资源匮乏、效益低下等办学困境,英国率先提出并推行集群发展模式,旨在通过校际资源共享,达到共享知识经验、丰富学生学习体验、提升学业发展成就、推动管理创新、促进教育公平等目的。在分阶段建立集群、基于学校背景划分集群类型的基础上,英国小规模学校在实践中探索校际人力、物力、财力、课程、管理等各类资源的共享路径,包括教师定期跨校交流、教师走教、支教,开展教学发展活动;共享教学设施设备、场地、图书资料等物力资源;共同购买教学设备、开发乡土资源;共享优质课程、合作开发校本课程、开设指导类课程等;共同规划集群学校发展,定期开展管理例会、共享管理信息等。同时,通过管理模式创新如因地制宜创建集群、优化管理策略、拓宽经费渠道等措施促进学校集群可持续发展。上述实践路径有效促进了英国小规模学校的优质发展,也进一步提升了教师素质和学生的综合素养。这对我国小规模学校发展具有重要的启示:以集群发展突破教育质量困境;多元协同治理促进集群学校平等高效合作;强化各级政府责任、提供资源支持;找准集群发展核心要素,持续提升小规模学校办学质量。The school clusters,as the innovation model for improving the educational quality of small-scaled schools,could be an effective method to relieve isolation and resource scarcity.The developed country–the United Kingdom firstly raised and implemented this model,in order to improve educational quality.Based on the setting of goals and content framework,they explored various path to share human,physical,financial,curricular as well as management resources.In addition,the resources support for school clusters through innovation of management strategies has produced positive results.What we could learn from the experiences of British small-scaled schools development includes that:breaking through the obstacles in educational development by school clusters;exerting multiple collaborative governance to promote cluster schools collaboration effectively;strengthening the responsibilities of governments through the system and providing support in terms of resources;identifing the core elements to make sustainable development of school clusters.

关 键 词：乡村小规模学校 集群发展模式 教育资源共享 教育质量提升 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]