有机-无机管理对热带砖红壤碳库和氮库特征的影响  

Effects of organic-inorganic management on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in tropical latosol

作　　者：倪斌 吴东明[2,3] 李玮 陈淼[2,3] 李勤奋 NI Bin;WU Dong-ming;LI Wei;CHEN Miao;LI Qin-fen(Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station of Hainan,Haikou 571100,China;Institute of Environment and Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业生态与资源保护总站,海口571100 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海口571101 [3]国家农业环境僑州观测实验站,海南脩州571737

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第8期1855-1861,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2020084);海南省自然科学基金项目(1630042021010);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630042021010&1630042021028)。

摘　　要：【目的】砖红壤在热区农业地位重要,明确有机—无机管理对其碳/氮库影响,可为热区农田的精准施肥提供依据。【方法】依托建于海南文昌的全国农业面源污染长期定位观测站,于田间尺度下研究了4种有机—无机管理措施对砖红壤碳/氮库的影响,包括:不施肥、单施化肥、单施有机肥、单施秸秆。【结果】(1)对于土壤全态碳、氮库,经5年有机—无机管理后,仅土壤总氮受影响变化显著,有机碳含量变化较小。其中,单施化肥可使土壤总氮含量上升1.65倍,达(0.57±0.11)g/kg;单施有机肥使总氮含量上升1.51倍;(2)对于活性碳库,单施有机肥或秸秆均增加其库含量,包括DTC(溶解性总碳)、DIC(溶解性无机碳)、DOC(溶解性有机碳)。相反,单施化肥使土壤DTC和DOC下降80%和79%,不利于土壤活性碳库累积;(3)对于活性氮库,单施有机肥、秸秆分别使土壤溶解性总氮(DTN)含量增加1.63和1.79倍。但是,仅单施有机肥提升了土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量。相反,单施化肥对DTN影响不显著,但对土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N的增加效应在4个施肥处理中最大;(4)弦图分析可视化揭示了有机管理下的碳、氮库含量最高,并成功识别它们与无机管理土壤的差异性;主成分分析发现:土壤氮库(TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N)与土壤含水率呈正相关,与土壤pH呈负相关;土壤碳库(DOC、DTC、DIC)与土壤pH呈正相关,与土壤含水率呈负相关;土壤碳库与土壤氮库含量呈负相关。【结论】有机管理,尤其是施用有机肥,可有效提高土壤活性碳/氮库容,是维持土壤肥力最优施肥方式。【Objective】Latosol is an important soil in tropical zone for supporting agricultural production. Assessing the characteristics of carbon and nitrogen pools in latosol is beneficial for the precision fertilization in tropical zone.【Method】With the national long-term location observation station of agricultural non-point source pollution in Wenchang city, Hainan province, China, the effects of four organic-inorganic management modes on carbon and nitrogen pools inlatosol were investigated at the field scale, including no fertilization, single application of chemical fertilizer, Single application of organic fertilizer and single application of straw.【Result】(i)After organic-inorganic management for 4 years, the effects of these managements were only significant on total nitrogen content, but negligible on the content of organic matter. For instance, single application of chemical fertilizer could increase the total nitrogen content by 1.65 times, reaching(0.57 ± 0.11)g/kg;single application of organic fertilizer could increase the total nitrogen content by 1.51 times;(ii) Of the activated carbon pool, single application of organic fertilizer or straw could both increase its pool content, including DTC(Dissolved total carbon), DIC(Dissolved inorganic carbon)and DOC(Dissolved organic carbon). On the contrary, single application of chemical fertilizers reduced soil DTC and DOC by 80% and 79%, which was extremely unfavorable to the accumulation of soil active carbon pool;(iii) Of active nitrogen pool, single application of organic fertilizer and straw respectively made soil dissolved total nitrogen( DTN) content increase 1.63 and 1.79 times. However, only single application of organic fertilizer increased NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N content in soil. On the contrary, single application of chemical fertilizer had no significant effect on DTN, but the increase effect on NH-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N in soil was the largest among the four fertilization treatments.(iv) The visualization of the string diagram analysis

关 键 词：有机-无机管理 砖红壤 碳库 氮库 数据融合 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]