日本反洗钱监管体制机制研究及其启示  

Research on the Institutional Mechanism of Anti-money Laundering Supervision in Japan and Its Implications

作　　者：马文博 MA Wenbo(School of Law,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2022年第5期38-51,共14页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD209)。

摘　　要：反洗钱监管是当前世界各主要经济体的共识性关切,并形成了以FATF为代表的跨国决策性机构积极推进各国监管水平的标齐。在此助推下,日本反洗钱监管体制机制建设经历了从犯罪干预到综合治理的发展过程,呈现出不断优化对国际监管共识的本土调适、强调体系统筹、与经济犯罪治理衔接以及积极回应金融创新等特点。日本反洗钱监管依托“预防-惩治”双轴驱动,并充分发挥金融情报机构在其间的信息串联共享。但在实际运作中,由于末端义务主体的合规认同乏力、监管当局有效规制覆盖面不均以及监管科技应用更新不及时等问题,日本反洗钱监管体制机制的实效运转仍然面临不确定性。对此,我国有必要总结其经验得失,从优化监管共识在地协同、增强情报利用共享、填补风险规制体系缺位、衔接经济犯罪治理和推动合规意识层级下渗等方面提升反洗钱监管体制机制的完备程度与规制效果。Anti-money laundering regulation is currently the consensus concern of all major economies in the world, and transnational policy-making bodies, represented by the FATF, are actively promoting the standardization of regulatory standards in each country. With this in view, Japan’s anti-money laundering regulatory regime has evolved from criminal intervention to comprehensive governance, and is characterized by continuous process of local adaptation to optimize international regulatory consensus, emphasis on systemic integration, linkage with economic crime governance, and proactive response to financial innovation. Japan’s anti-money laundering regulation is driven by the twin axes of "prevention and punishment" and the sharing of information in tandem by financial intelligence unit. However, in practice, the effective operation of Japan’s AML regulatory mechanism still faces uncertainty due to the lack of compliance recognition by the end-users, the uneven coverage of effective regulation by the regulatory authorities and the untimely application of regulatory technology. In this regard, it is necessary for China to take stock of its experience and improve the completeness and effectiveness of the AML regulatory regime in terms of optimizing the local coordination of regulatory consensus, enhancing the sharing of information, filling the gaps in the risk regulation system, bridging the governance of economic crimes and promoting the downward penetration of compliance awareness.

关 键 词：FATF 日本 反洗钱监管体制机制 防止犯罪收益转移法 金融情报机构 

分 类 号：F133.134.9[经济管理—世界经济]