氮素穗肥对粳米淀粉特性和结构的影响及其与食用特征的关系  

Effects of nitrogen panicle fertilizer application on physicochemical properties and fine structure of japonica rice starch and its relationship with eating quality

作　　者：蒋岩 赵灿 陈越 刘光明 赵凌天 廖平强 王维领 许轲 李国辉 吴文革[2] 霍中洋 JIANG Yan;ZHAO Can;CHEN Yue;LIU Guang-Ming;ZHAO Ling-Tian;LIAO Ping-Qiang;WANG Wei-Ling;XU Ke;LI Guo-Hui;WU Wen-Ge;HUO Zhong-Yang(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Rice Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学,江苏扬州225009 [2]安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所,安徽合肥230001

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第1期200-210,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32001469);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2020319,BE2019377,BE2021361);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300802);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(水稻,CARS-01-28);扬州大学研究生科研与实践创新计划资助项目(KYCX21_3242);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目资助。

摘　　要：为研究氮素穗肥对粳米淀粉理化特性和精细结构的影响,明确粳米食用特征与淀粉特性和结构的关系,以南粳9108和南粳0212为供试材料,在相同基蘖肥用量下设置3个穗肥施氮水平(0、45和135 kg N hm^(-2)),测定了不同处理下粳米的淀粉特性及其结构,分析了其与食用特征间的关系。施用氮素穗肥降低了粳米食味值,高氮下差异显著。硬度、弹性、黏性和平衡性的绝对值与总蛋白含量均随穗肥施氮量的增加而提高,表观直链淀粉含量则与之相反。在淀粉特性和结构方面,增施氮素穗肥提高了淀粉溶解度、膨胀势、糊化焓、小淀粉颗粒占比、相对结晶度、红外比值(1045/1022 cm^(-1)),降低了淀粉回生焓、回生度、大淀粉颗粒占比、淀粉平均直径和红外比值(1022/995 cm^(-1)),高氮影响更趋明显。施用氮素穗肥降低了表观直链淀粉含量,提高了淀粉表层的有序性和结晶区稳定性,淀粉粒径变小,进而阻碍了淀粉膨胀和糊化,米饭硬度升高,食用口感变差。适量施用氮素穗肥可实现粳稻优质丰产协同。To clarify the variations of physicochemical properties and the fine structure of japonica rice starch under different nitrogen panicle fertilizer treatment and to explore the relationship between eating quality and starch properties and structure,three panicle fertilizer nitrogen application levels(0,45,and 135 kg N hm^(-2))were set under same basal and tiller fertilizer with Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 0212 as the materials.Starch properties and structure of japonica rice under different treatments were determined,and the relationship between starch characteristics and eating quality was examined.The result indicated that application of nitrogen panicle fertilizer reduced the eating value of japonica rice,and there was significant difference in the high nitrogen treatment.Hardness,resilience,the absolute value of stickiness and balance,and the total protein content increased as nitrogen application rate were increased,while the apparent amylose content had the opposite trend.In terms of starch properties and structure,application of nitrogen panicle fertilizer increased starch solubility and swelling power,gelatinization enthalpy,small starch granules,relative crystallinity,and infrared ratio of 1045/1022 cm^(-1),while decreased retrogradation enthalpy and percentage,large starch granules,starch average diameter and infrared ratio of 1022/995 cm^(-1),and the trend appeared obvious especially under high nitrogen treatment.In conclusion,applying nitrogen panicle fertilizer can reduce the apparent amylose content,improve the surface order of starch and the stability of crystal region,decrease the starch granules size,thereby hindering the starch swelling and gelatinization,leading to the increase of rice hardness,eventually deteriorating the eating quality.Appropriate application of nitrogen panicle fertilizer can realize the coordination of excellent quality and high yield of japonica rice.

关 键 词：氮素穗肥 粳稻 食味品质 淀粉理化特性 淀粉精细结构 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]