冲突与和谐:个体与共同体融突演进的历史逻辑——基于马克思文本的考察  

Conflict and Harmony:The Historical Logic of the Integration Evolution of Individual and Community--An Investigation Based on Marx’s Texts

作　　者：王满荣[1] Wang Manrong(School of Marxism,Communication University of Zhejiang,Hangzhou 310018)

机构地区：[1]浙江传媒学院马克思主义学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2022年第11期104-111,94,158,159,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“网络空间命运共同体研究”(17BKS072)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：个体与共同体是历史唯物主义的两个重要范畴。马克思对个体与共同体关系的认识不同于以往哲学家抽象追问其本质的思辨论调,或者“个体抑或共同体”二元对立的思维模式,而是从物质生产实践活动以及在此基础上建立的交往关系中的“现实的个人”出发,在人类社会发展中考察个体与共同体之间冲突与和谐的历史演进。在前资本主义社会,个体与自然共同体保持着直接“统一性”的同时,个体由于无法摆脱本位的自然共同体的“羁绊”而只能作为“依附性个体”存在。在资本主义社会,个体与抽象共同体、虚幻共同体处于“分裂对立”的状态,个体只是作为“形式独立的个体”而存在,并未获得真正的独立和自由发展。资本主义社会在造成个体与共同体冲突的同时,创造了巨大的物质财富和无产阶级产生的条件,为“形式独立的个体”向“自由全面发展的个体”转变孕育了“生机”。在共产主义社会,即在真正的共同体中,通过废除私有制,实现由劳动向自主活动的转变,从而实现人的解放,进而实现个体与真正的共同体的和谐共生,最终实现人的自由和全面发展。Individual and community are two important categories of historical materialism. Marx’s understanding of the relationship between individual and community is different from the previous philosophers’ speculative arguments of abstractly questioning its essence, or “individual or community” binary opposition thinking mode, but from the practical activities of material production and the “realistic individual” in the communicative relationship established on this basis, the historical evolution of conflict and harmony between individual and community is investigated in the development of human society. In the pre-capitalist society,while the individual and the natural community maintained direct “unity”, the individual could only exist as a “dependent individual” because he could not get rid of the “fetters” of the standard natural community. In capitalist society, individuals are in a state of “division and opposition” with abstract community and illusory community. Individuals only exist as “formally independent individuals” and have not achieved real independent and free development. Capitalist society not only causes conflicts between individuals and communities,but also creates huge material wealth and conditions for the emergence of the proletariat, which breeds “vitality” for the transformation from “independent individuals in form” to “individuals with free and all-round development”. In the communist society, that is, in the real community, by abolishing private ownership,we can realize the transformation from labor to independent activities, so as to realize the liberation of human beings, and then realize the harmonious coexistence between individuals and the real community, and finally realize the free and all-round development of human beings. This paper investigates the historical picture of the evolution of the relationship between individual and community from the dialectical perspective of the integration of individual and community, which has certain enli

关 键 词：冲突与和谐 个体 共同体 生产力 交往关系 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论] A81