“观复修真”:道学生命智慧的《周易》思想底蕴  

Self-restoration via Meditative Observation and Reflection:Exploration on the Taoist Ideological Inheritance and Promotion of Zhouyi Life Philosophy

作　　者：詹石窗[1] ZHAN Shi-chuang

机构地区：[1]四川大学道教与宗教文化研究所,四川成都610064

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期1-9,169,共10页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“创造性转化与创新性发展视野下的中华生命智慧研究”(22ZDA082);四川大学“创新2035”先导计划(文明互鉴与全球治理研究计划·儒释道思想融合创新与人类命运共同体构建)资助。

摘　　要：由道家传承的“道学”是以“道”为本体,以延年益寿、生命完善为目标的文化学说。道学的内容丰富多彩,“观复修真”是其中关于生命涵养的主题。“观复”即静观自身一元之气的循环往复,而“修真”就是变化气质而使自我生命升华到“与道合一”的境界。从春秋时期开始,老子即有了“观复修真”的思考,经过两千多年的传承与发挥,“观复修真”不仅是道学生命涵养的一种实践技艺,而且是“天人合一,道法自然”精神的贯彻。将这一生命修养理论回归于中国文化史上予以考察,就会发现它与“群经之首”《周易》具有十分密切的关系,其中《复》卦的象数与义理更是道学“观复修真”的思想根底。道学用以表示“观复修真”操作规程的一系列符号象征的底蕴就是《周易》六十四卦之象数,而其修持要领就在《复》卦所建立的时空对应与转换模式,《复》卦所蕴含的“一阳来复”、“反复其道”以及“天心”说正是《道德经》“观复”法门的思想内核。从这个角度看,需深入理解《复》卦才能明了“观复修真”的思想旨趣,需深入融通《周易》才能领悟“道学”大生命智慧的要领。Taoism is a crucial cultural philosophy that takes“Tao”as its noumenon and aims at prolonging human life and perfecting his life. The content of Taoism is complex,among which the theme of life preservation theory is to aim at the “Guanfu Xiuzhen”( Selfrestoration via Meditative Observation and Reflection). The term “Guanfu”aims to observe the circulation of Qi,and the term“Xiuzhen”requires the believers to improve their own temperament and integrate their sublimate true self with the natural Tao. Since the Spring and Autumn Period,Laotzu has put forward the psycho-physical therapy of “Guanfu Xiuzhen”. After more than two thousand years of development,this Taoist life philosophy has become a practical human life preservation lifestyle and the holistic life view stands for Taoist harmony between human and nature. Then Tao is believed to comply with the natural law. Analyzed from the Chinese socio-cultural analysis perspective,the basic theory of Taoist life philosophy has developed a very close relationship with Zhouyi( the Book of Change). Especially,the image number and the principle of the hexagrams of Fu in Zhouyi have laid a solid foundation of the thought of“Guanfu Xiuzhen”in Taoism. The symbolic explanations of“Guanfu Xiuzhen”actually come from the 64hexagrams in Zhouyi. Its tenet lies in the temporal-spatial correspondence and transformation pattern hidden in the true conception of Fu hexagram. The core idea of Taoist“Guanfu Xiuzhen”consists in the following philosophical life views in Zhouyi,namely,the sole masculine Yang will operate in circulation without any stains or stagnation,Tao will be restored to the primitive balance via many rounds of ups and downs,and the maintenance of inner Taoist heart is determined by that Heaven heart.From this point of view,we can have a deeper understanding of the purport of “Guanfu Xiuzhen”and grasp the essentials of Taoism if we understand the true hexagrams of Fu.

关 键 词：道学 《复》卦 观复修真 生命智慧 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学] B21