丝织品铁锈锈斑污染物清洗工艺探究  

Study on the cleaning process of iron rust contaminants in silk fabrics

作　　者：缪斌斌 赵作勇 王越平[1] MIAO Binbin;ZHAO Zuoyong;WANG Yueping(School of Materials Design&Engineering,Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Nation Museum of China,Beijing 100079,China)

机构地区：[1]北京服装学院材料设计与工程学院,北京100029 [2]中国国家博物馆,北京100079

出　　处：《丝绸》2022年第11期1-9,共9页Journal of Silk

基　　金：北京服装学院研究生科研创新项目(X2022-040);北京服装学院研究生高水平拔尖创新人才培育项目(120301990132)。

摘　　要：铁锈锈斑污染物常见于甲胄类纺织品文物,不仅影响文物的观赏价值,还会加速纤维老化。文章对丝织品锈斑污染清洗工艺进行了探究。针对丝织品铁锈污染模拟样,筛选出适合的表面活性剂及清洗条件,基于正交实验分析EDTA-2Na质量浓度、抗坏血酸质量浓度、鼠李糖脂质量浓度对清洗效果的影响,得到丝织品文物铁锈清洗的最优助剂配比。结果表明:采用EDTA-2Na 7.0 g/L、抗坏血酸2.0 g/L、鼠李糖脂5.0 g/L的清洗剂能够充分发挥协同作用,实现良好的清洗效果,清除率高达95.85%;三者配合的溶液体系中,络合剂EDTA-2Na是影响丝织品锈斑污染物清洗效果的最重要因素,还原剂抗坏血酸作用次之;综合评价分析表明,经过清洗后无铁锈锈斑污染物及洗涤剂残留,清洗过程温和,未对丝织品造成损伤。In order to meet the requirements of flexible and mobile operations,a new type of armor appeared in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with textiles as the surface and square iron plates inside.Due to the corrosion of the armor plate caused by environmental factors,the silk fabrics were stained by rust pollution.Rust spots are harmful to the silk cultural relics preserved for a long time.Targeted removal researches are expected to significantly improve the cleaning effect and reduce the damages to silk fabrics.In this paper,with the simulated samples of rust spot pollution as experimental materials,the cleaning process of rust spot pollution in silk fabrics was explored.Firstly,the suitable surfactant and its applied conditions were selected.Secondly,the dosage range of ascorbic acid,EDTA-2Na and rhamnolipid were explored in the single factor experiments.Finally,the optimal ratio of additives for rust cleaning of silk fabric was obtained by the orthogonal experiment.At the same time,the key factors affecting the cleaning effect were obtained according to the Range analysis results.The cleaning effect and safety for pollution simulation samples were comprehensively evaluated,including the color difference value before and after cleaning,morphological observation,infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,fabric tensile properties,etc.The results show that the synergistic effect of ascorbic acid and EDTA-2Na greatly enhances the cleaning effect of rusty spots,and the surfactant rhamnolipid helps to remove stubborn rusty spots.The optimum ratio of reagent requires a dosage of 2 g/L of ascorbic acid,7 g/L of EDTA-2Na,5 g/L of rhamnolipid,with the rust spot removal rate reaching 95.85%.In this cleaning additive dose,the most influential factors on rust cleaning effect are EDTA-2Na,ascorbic acid,and rhamnolipid in turn.EDTA-2Na is the most important factor effecting the cleaning effect of rust spot pollutants on silk fabrics,with the reducing agent taking the second place.The comprehensive evaluation results of cl

关 键 词：丝织品 铁锈锈斑污染 湿法清洗 乙二胺四乙酸二钠 抗坏血酸 协同作用 文物清洗 

分 类 号：TS141.923[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]