敦煌蒙书《武王家教》中唐代童蒙“形象”教育解析--以“八贱”为中心  

Analysis of the“image”education of children in the Tang dynasty in Dunhuang primer King Wu’s Family Education:with the focus on“Eight Bad Behaviors”(八贱)

作　　者：金滢坤 JIN Yingkun(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期1-16,共16页Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国童蒙文化史研究”(16ZDA121);北京师范大学青年教师基金项目“隋唐五代童蒙文化研究”(2022NTSS04);北京师范大学教育学一流学科培优项目“全面实现教育现代化“中国道路”的历史研究”(YLXKPY-XSDW202203)。

摘　　要：敦煌蒙书《武王家教》中的“八贱”,是针对子弟在日常生活中容易出现的关乎个人“形象”的八种不雅、不良举止的概括,认为它有悖中国古代“垂衣而治”“修饰而窥镜”等观念,告诫子弟应该注意待客、做客等应对之道,需谨记尊卑、贵贱的礼法制度,避免“八贱”行为,树立良好的个人“形象”,以达到修身、立身的目的。唐代“察举”之风犹存,对士人应举和参选均有一定影响。文章阐述了“八贱”的文化内涵,探讨《武王家教》将其作为影响“人命长短不一”的原因所在,并对八戒与唐代家教、童蒙教育的关系做了深度解析。King Wu’s Family Education describes“Eight Bad Behaviors”(八贱),a summary of children’s eight harmful and indecent behaviors,related to their personal“image”,which are contrary to ancient Chinese concepts like“governing by non-inference”and“correcting personal flaws to avoid potential hazards”.It reminds children to pay attention to the ways of treating guests and being guests and keep the etiquette system of honor,inferiority and nobility in mind.Children should avoid“Eight Bad Behaviors”and build good personal“images”to achieve their goal of self-cultivation.The“recommendation system”in the Tang dynasty still existed,influencing the selection and election of scholars.The paper expounds the cultural connotation of“Eight Bad Behaviors”,explores the reason why King Wu’s Family Education regards it as the cause of“unequal life span”,and analyzes the deep relationship between the Eight Commandments and the family education and children education in the Tang dynasty.

关 键 词：敦煌蒙书 唐代 《武王家教》 八贱 “形象”教育 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理] G122[文化科学—教育学]