家长应如何对学前儿童进行防诱拐教育?--基于儿童抵制诱拐行为表现的探讨  

What Can Parents Do to Help Their Children Resist Abduction? A Study Based on Children’s Behavior in the Simulated Abduction Test

作　　者：李庆功 赵凡瑜[1] 张宁 张迪 庄周赟 LI Qinggong;ZHAO Fanyu;ZHANG Ning;ZHANG Di;ZHUANG Zhouyun(The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province,Jinhua 321004 China;School of Teacher Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004 China;The Kindergarten of the Government of Jinhua City,Jinhua 321004 China;The Kindergarten of Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004 China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省智能教育技术与应用重点实验室,金华321004 [2]浙江师范大学教师教育学院,金华321004 [3]浙江省金华机关幼儿园,金华321004 [4]浙江师范大学幼儿园,金华321004

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2022年第10期54-64,共11页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：浙江师范大学教师教育学院开放研究基金“高风险诱拐情景下学前儿童选择性信任的心理机制:行为与生理的证据”(编号:jykf20052);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“3~6岁幼儿抵制诱拐中‘知行分离’的现状、影响因素及其干预研究”(编号:20YJC190010)。

摘　　要：儿童被诱拐问题不容忽视。已有研究显示,在儿童拐卖案件中,6岁以下的学前儿童占绝大多数,且犯罪分子采取的主要手段是口头拐骗而非暴力。本研究通过问卷调查和模拟诱拐测试,发现年龄能够正向预测学前儿童在抵制诱拐中的行为表现。学前儿童的年纪越大抵制诱拐的表现越好。然而,父母防拐知识传授频率对儿童抵制诱拐行为表现的预测作用不显著,且家长有高估儿童抵制诱拐行为表现的倾向。这说明以传授知识为主的防拐教育未能有效地提高学前儿童抵制诱拐的能力。本研究关于即时叮嘱的实验研究则发现,即时叮嘱能够显著正向预测学前儿童在模拟诱拐测试中的行为表现。诱拐测试前受到即时叮嘱的儿童比没有受到即时叮嘱的儿童更不容易跟随陌生人离开,而且在加入即时叮嘱之后,儿童抵制诱拐行为表现不再有年龄差异。这说明即时叮嘱是一种较为有效的防拐教育方式。由于学前儿童的认知能力和心理能力有限,家长应充分认识到学前儿童在抵制诱拐上能力的不足,在提高自身的防拐安全意识的基础上,多采取包括即时叮嘱在内的被研究证实有效的教育方式向儿童传授防拐安全知识。与此同时,幼儿园应与家长配合,共同对幼儿进行防拐安全教育,以保证安全教育的一致性和连贯性。Helping preschool children learn to resist abduction is very important for they are the main victim group in abduction crime.It’s found that age can positively predict the performance of preschool children in the simulated abduction test.As age increases,the proportion of children who refuse to leave with strangers increases gradually.But parents’teaching of anti-abduction knowledge cannot significantly predict the performance of children in the abduction test,while instant warning can.Children who have been warned in advance are less likely to leave with strangers in the simulated abduction test.The results show that parents should take more effective methods including instant warning to promote their young children’s ability to resist abduction,and kindergarten should implement effectively anti-abduction safety education for children as well.

关 键 词：抵制诱拐 安全教育 即时叮嘱 选择性信任 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]