清代地方司法的运作失序及其文学表达——以《儒林外史》为中心的考察  

The Disorder of the Local Justice Operation in Late Imperial China and Its Expression of Literature——An Examination Centered on The Scholars

作　　者：崔蕴华[1] 王怡然 Cui Yunhua;Wang Yiran(School of Humanities,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人文学院,北京100088

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2022年第6期93-108,共16页Tribune of Social Sciences

摘　　要：《儒林外史》以独特方式展现了清代地方法律实践的失序。民众法律意识逐渐萌发,因而引发无事兴讼、小事缠讼等乱象,却又因对法律规定一知半解而陷入诉讼困境。与此同时,官员为追求晋升而与士绅豪商相互攀结引发了特权阶层任意干讼的乱象,无疑更加使得平民百姓在诉讼中举步维艰。除借诉讼中的人情往来寻求“功名”外,“富贵”也为官吏所渴求,因而形成了主官及其吏役借狱敛财之乱象。地方“失序”与首都的“秩序”形成结构性的微妙关联。重新审视其秩序书写,对于中国文学史的完整认识与知识型小说的多维探索均有一定意义。The Scholars presents the disorder of local legal practices in late imperial China in a unique way.The legal consciousness of the people gradually emerged,which led to chaos like litigating for nothing or for the slightest matters.However,people were often caught in litigation dilemma because they did not understand the legal provisions.At the same time,the officials,in order to achieve promotion,closely associated with the gentry and merchants,which led to arbitrary intervention in litigation by the privileged class,and made the situation of the common people in litigation more difficult.Officials sought not only fame but also fortune,so they often scrounged money from the lawsuit.Local “disorder” and the “order” of the capital were related structurally and subtly.The re-examination of this literary expression has implications for the complete understanding of Chinese literary history and the multi-dimensional exploration of intellectual fiction.

关 键 词：《儒林外史》 跨学科 诉讼失序 功名富贵 文学与法律 

分 类 号：I0-05[文学—文学理论] I207.419