北京市设施农业土壤微塑料的污染特征及潜在来源  

Pollution Characteristics and Potential Sources of Microplastics in Facility Agricultural Soil in Beijing

作　　者：吴亚梅 王育鹏[1] 王康 田佳宇 陈延华[4] 邹国元[4] 徐笠[2,3] Wu Yamei;Wang Yupeng;Wang Kang;Tian Jiayu;Chen Yanhua;Zou Guoyuan;Xu Li(School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environmental Monitoring,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]北京市农林科学院,质量标准与检测技术研究所,北京100097 [3]农产品产地环境监测北京市重点实验室,北京100097 [4]北京市农林科学院,植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2022年第4期333-344,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：北京市优秀人才青年骨干项目;北京市农林科学院创新能力建设项目(KJCX20210430)。

摘　　要：随着设施农业在北京市的快速发展和广泛应用,大量的微塑料聚集在设施农业土壤中,危害蔬菜的健康生长,可能会影响北京市的食品质量安全。以北京市3个基地的设施农业为研究对象,选择覆膜近15 a和近30 a的设施农业土壤,每个基地选取3个设施农业土壤和1个非设施农业土壤(空白对照)。采用传统的密度浮选法,结合体视显微镜及傅里叶变换红外光谱(μ-FTIR),进行北京市设施农业土壤中微塑料的化学组分及分布特征研究。结果表明,北京市设施农业土壤微塑料丰度介于(440±179.63)~(2366.67±347.21)n·kg^(-1)之间,整体平均丰度为(1405.19±584.30)n·kg^(-1);微塑料形状以碎片为主(53.82%),粒径以0~1 mm为主(47.52%),颜色以白色、透明、蓝色为主(64.51%),聚合物类型以聚丙烯(PP)为主(30.04%)。薄膜类和碎片类微塑料的主要成分是聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚(乙烯:丙烯)(PE:PP),纤维类微塑料的主要成分是人造丝(RY)。农用塑料薄膜的使用(地膜和棚膜)、有机肥的长期施用、农业灌溉、大气沉降、绑绳和包装袋等是北京市设施农业中土壤微塑料的主要潜在来源。总体上,北京市设施农业中土壤微塑料的丰度处于中等水平。本研究可为我国设施农业中土壤微塑料的污染分布研究提供基础科学数据。With the rapid development and wide application of facility agriculture in Beijing,huge amount of microplastics were accumulated in facility agriculture soil,which endangers the healthy growth of vegetables and may affect the food quality and safety in Beijing.Three facility agriculture bases in Beijing were selected,including the soil after 15 years and 30 years of plastic film mulching,and 3 facility agricultural soils and 1 control agricultural soil were selected from each base.The chemical composition and distribution characteristics of microplastics in facility agriculture soil in Beijing are determined by density flotation method,stereomicroscope,and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(μ-FTIR).The results show that the abundance of microplastics in facility agriculture soil in Beijing ranged from(440±179.63)n·kg^(-1)to(2366.67±347.21)n·kg^(-1),with a mean value of(1405.19±584.30)n·kg^(-1).The shape of microplastics is mainly fragment(53.82%),the particle size is mainly 0~1 mm(47.52%),the color is mainly white,transparent,blue(64.51%),and the polymer type is mainly polypropylene(PP)(30.04%).The main components of film and fragment microplastics are polypropylene(PP),polyethylene(PE),poly(ethylene:propylene)(PE:PP),and the main component of fiber microplastics is rayon(RY).The use of agricultural plastic film(plastic film and greenhouse film),long-term application of organic fertilizer,agricultural irrigation,atmospheric deposition,rope binding and packaging bags are the main potential sources of soil microplastics in facility agriculture in Beijing.In general,the abundance of soil microplastics in facility agriculture in Beijing is at a medium level.This study can provide basic scientific data for the pollution distribution of soil microplastics in facility agriculture in China.

关 键 词：微塑料 设施农业土壤 污染特征 北京市 潜在来源 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]