错误后调整效应中的争议:功能适应性和任务特异性  

The controversies in the post-error adjustment effect:Functional adaptability and task specificity

作　　者：王丽君[1] 李永鑫[1] 赵国祥[1] WANG Lijun;LI Yongxin;ZHAO Guoxiang(Institute of Psychology and Behavior,Institute of Cognition,Brain and Health,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004)

机构地区：[1]河南大学心理与行为研究所,认知、脑与健康研究所,开封475004

出　　处：《心理研究》2022年第5期403-410,共8页Psychological Research

摘　　要：错误后调整效应指个体在错误发生后,为了优化未来的执行表现而调用适当的认知资源在神经和行为上进行积极调整的现象。现有研究在错误后调整的功能适应性和任务特异性上存在争议。错误的功能适应性研究争论的焦点在于错误的发生对随后行为起促进作用还是干扰作用,而错误的任务特异性研究争论的焦点在于错误后调整是否是针对特定错误源进行的调整。为了对错误后调整效应的产生机制有深入准确的理解,未来的研究应关注注意警觉和工作记忆等认知加工在错误后调整效应中的作用,以及检测自下而上加工的生理指标在错误后调整中的运用。Post-error adjustment effect refers to the phenomenon that individuals actively adjust their neural activities and behaviors by using appropriate cognitive resources to optimize their future performance after the occurrence of errors.Emerging studies on the functional adaptability and task specificity of post-error adjustment are in dispute.Functional adaptation of errors focuses on whether the occurrence of errors promotes or interferes with subsequent behavior,while task-specificity of errors focuses on whether post-error adjustment is an adjustment to specific error sources.In order to deeply comprehend the mechanism of post-error adjustment,future research should focus on the role of cognitive processing such as attentional alertness and working memory in post-error adjustment,as well as the application of physiological indicators of bottom-up processing in post-error adjustment.

关 键 词：错误后调整效应 功能适应性 任务特异性 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]