精英主义和冷战基调的祛魅——“新三艺”之外的《国防教育法》  

Beyond Elitism and a Cold War Mentality:An Re-examination of America’s National Defense Education Act of 1958

作　　者：王慧敏[1] 陈怀鹏 Wang Huimin;Chen Huaipeng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2022年第5期64-74,F0003,共12页Modern University Education

摘　　要：1958年的《国防教育法》是第二次世界大战后美国政府颁布的一部重要的教育法案。与以往研究者的认识不同的是,法案的实施效果没有局限于“新三艺”和天才教育,而是辐射到了绝大多数的学科和学生;注重师资培训,从而为教育的长远发展奠基;总体上的教育公平也得到一定的兼顾。虽有浓烈的冷战背景,但是,该法的立法意图和实施结果都表明,只有将法案从精英主义和冷战基调的单一解释模式中解放出来,才能充分认识到美国教育立法及其实施的整个过程的复杂性,进而更深入和更准确地理解美国教育政策实施机制的特殊性。The goal of America’s National Defense Education Act(NDEA)of 1958 was to enable the country’s educational system to meet national security needs.Of particular concern was enhancing the United States’ability to compete with the Soviet Union in the areas of science and technology.The legislation originally was focused on gifted students and so-called“new trivium”(namely,education in sciences,mathematics,and foreign languages).However,NDEA’s scope later broadened to include the arts and humanities and nearly all students.In addition,it also provided funding for expansions in higher education loans and fellowships,as well as aid for teacher training and instructional improvement.Therefore,although it was passed to meet national security needs,NDEA should be interpreted beyond elitism and a cold war mentality.In fact,it is rather complex to develop and implement education policies or education-related laws in the U.S.;hence the need for more precise and in-depth analyses of that process.

关 键 词：《国防教育法》 天才教育 学生贷款 国防奖学金 地方主义 

分 类 号：G530.712[文化科学—教育学]