双语者跨语言正字法迁移的争议与整合  

Debates and Integration of Bilinguals’ Cross-Language Orthographic Transfer

作　　者：谢久书 沈光银 黄艳利 Xie Jiushu;Shen Guangyin;Huang Yanli(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097;Shenzhen Yuanping Special Education School,Shenzhen,518112)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [2]深圳元平特殊教育学校,深圳518112

出　　处：《心理科学》2022年第4期903-909,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目一般项目(2019SJA0241)的资助。

摘　　要：正字法迁移对第二语言阅读具有重要影响。然而,现有研究对双语者跨语言正字法迁移存在着不同的理论观点和研究证据。本文从文字系统的角度出发,按照文字系统本质的不同,分别对涉及表音文字和语素文字的正字法迁移研究进行了系统归纳和综述。在此基础上,本文以重叠度为准则对以往理论进行拓展,从而为预测跨语言的正字法迁移提供了可能。因此,本综述为理解正字法迁移提供了新视角,也为解决部分理论之争提供了新思路。Bilinguals transfer orthographic processing skills from one language to another language,i.e.,cross-language orthographic transfer.Previous studies showed that orthographic transfer significantly improves bilinguals’ reading performance.However,the specific orthography hypothesis and the conditional transfer hypothesis hold opposite points on bilinguals’ cross-language orthographic transfer.The former holds that orthography is specific for each language and orthographic processing skills cannot be transferred.On the contrary,the latter holds that when the writing systems are sufficiently related,orthographic processing skills can be transferred.To partially deal with this debate,the present paper innovatively proposed the role of the language system in the cross-language orthographic transfer.Specifically,alphabetical languages use graphemes to represent phonemes,whereas logographic languages use logograms to represent morphemes.Writing systems of alphabetical and logographic languages are distinct.However,previous studies did not consider it.This may cloud previous findings.To fill in this gap,the present study summarized previous findings according to language systems.Studies on alphabetical languages showed mixed results.Some studies did not reveal cross-language orthographic transfer,supporting the specific orthography hypothesis.Whereas other studies showed cross-language orthographic transfer both from the first language to the second language and vice versa,supporting the conditional transfer hypothesis.In contrast,cross-language orthographic transfer was not found between alphabetical and logographic languages,supporting the specific orthography hypothesis.Previous studies on knowledge transfer point out that the overlap between the original domain and the novel domain is critical for knowledge transfer.Inspired by this point,the present paper proposes an overlap hypothesis.These overlaps indicate that these languages share similar orthographies,and their writing systems have similar relationships wit

关 键 词：双语者 正字法迁移 表音文字 语素文字 

分 类 号：H09[语言文字—语言学]