八识与心性——唯识宗的心性学说及其对宋明以来儒学的影响  

Eight Consciousness and Mind-Nature:On Doctrine of Mind-Nature in the Buddhist Consciousness-only School and Its Influence on Confucianism since the Song and Ming Dynasties

作　　者：张庆熊[1] Zhang Qingxiong(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期93-102,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：复旦大学人文社会学科传世之作学术精品研究项目“熊十力‘量论’思想研究及其续补”(项目批准号:2020CSZZ003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：佛教唯识宗从八识的角度论述心性,建立了一套非常丰富和细腻的概念系列和相当严密的论证体系。这表现在它深入探讨“心”与“性”之间的关系,通过区分“本有种”和“新熏种”来区分“本性”与“习性”,通过区分意识的潜在状态和已发状态探讨不同类型的意识的不同伦理品位问题。通过对佛教唯识宗有关“八识”和“心性”概念的梳理,我们能更加清楚地认知宋明以来儒家的心性学说的发展历程和解析其众多关键概念和争论问题的缘由。同时,我们还能回过头来看到佛教唯识宗在中国思想史发展上的功过。The Buddhist Consciousness-only School discusses mind-nature from the perspective of the Eight Consciousnesses.It has established a very rich and delicate series of concepts and a fairly rigorous argumentation system.This is manifested in its in-depth exploration of the relationship between“mind”and“nature,”which includes distinguishing between“nature”and“habitus”by distinguishing between“pre-existing species”and“newly infected species,”as well as by distinguishing between potential states of consciousness and the active state of consciousness judges their respective ethically good,evil or indeterminate nature.By sorting out the concepts of“eight consciousness”and“mind-nature”in Buddhist consciousness-only theory,we can more clearly understand the Confucian doctrines of mind-nature since the Song and Ming Dynasties,including grasping the origins and reasons of many key concepts and their disputes.We can also look back to see the merits and demerits of Buddhism in the history of Chinese thought.

关 键 词：八识 心性 唯识宗 新儒家 

分 类 号：B946.3[哲学宗教—宗教学] B244