小型四旋翼无人机悬停状态气动干扰与安全间隔研究  

Research on aerodynamic interaction and safety separation of small quadcopter under hovering state

作　　者：刘聪 孟庆昆 张宗卫[3] LIU Cong;MENG Qingkun;ZHANG Zongwei(School of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;System Design Institute of Mechanical-electrical Engineering,Beijing 100854,China;School of Aeronautical Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津300300 [2]北京机电工程总体设计部,北京100854 [3]中国民航大学航空工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2022年第11期177-183,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目中国民航大学专项项目(3122019128)。

摘　　要：为保证小型旋翼无人机近距编队悬停状态的安全性,采用数值模拟方法研究不同横向和纵向间隔双机悬停流场特征和气动参数变化规律,通过与实验结果对比,验证数值仿真方法的准确性。研究结果表明:无人机内部旋翼间的气动干扰会导致整机单旋翼拉力降低、扭矩增大,使整机气动效率下降;当双机无横向间隔时,双机下洗流场保持对称,同时2股下洗流叠加,呈现较明显的横向扩张趋势,此时后机所受气动影响主要为拉力损失,当纵向间隔大于5 D时,该影响基本消失;当横向间隔X=1 D时,位于尾流区一侧的旋翼拉力减小,后机所受俯仰力矩作用显著,无人机有侧翻风险;横向间隔X≥2 D时,2机之间气动干扰较弱,为较安全区域。In order to ensure the safety of small quadcopter in close formation flight under hovering state,the characteristics of hovering flow field and the variation of aerodynamic parameters between two drones under different lateral and longitudinal separations were studied by using the numerical simulation method.The numerical simulation results of a standard model were compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of numerical simulation method.The results showed that the aerodynamic interference between the rotors inside the quadcopter led to the decrease of single rotor tension and increase of torque,resulting in the decrease of the aerodynamic efficiency of whole quadcopter.When there was no lateral separation between the two quadcopters,the downwash flow field of the two quadcopters remained symmetric,and the superposition of the two downwash flows presented an obvious trend of lateral expansion.At this time,the aerodynamic influence of the following quadcopter was mainly manifested as tension loss,and when the longitudinal separation was at least above 5 D,the influence basically disappeared.When the lateral separation was X=1 D,the rotor tension on one side of the wake zone decreased,and the pitching moment on the following quadcopter was significant,so the quadcopters had the rollover risk.When the lateral separation was X≥2 D,the aerodynamic interference between the two quadcopters was weak,which was the safe area relatively.

关 键 词：旋翼无人机 悬停 气动干扰 尾涡流场 安全间隔 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]