基于无人机技术的潮滩动态监测研究  

Study on Dynamic Monitoring of Tidal Flat Based on UAV Technology

作　　者：裘诚 王岳峰 方略任 张何朕加 张凯嫔 胡进[3] 陈沈良[3] 袁瑞 QIU Cheng;WANG Yuefeng;FANG Lyueren;ZHANG Hezhenjia;ZHANG Kaipin;HU Jin;CHEN Shenliang;YUAN Rui(Shanghai Marine Monitoring and Forecasting Center,Shanghai 200062,China;Department of Ocean Science and Engineering,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China;State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市海洋监测预报中心,上海200062 [2]上海海事大学海洋科学与工程学院,上海201306 [3]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2022年第11期112-118,共7页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：上海市海洋局科研项目“卫星与无人机遥感在杭州湾北岸水文和潮滩监测中的应用研究”(沪海科2020-04);上海市“全渗透”深远海离岸能源动力前沿科学研究基地(培养);上海市科委“国内大循环背景下上海滨海生态旅游发展思路研究——以临港新片区为例”(22692193900)。

摘　　要：无人机具有快速高效、体积小和成本低等特点,不仅可以监测淤泥质潮滩不同区域的变化趋势,还可以观测到卫星难以捕获的潮滩短历时发育过程。文章基于无人机航拍测量技术,通过后期图像处理生成正射影像,获取临港新片区潮滩的沙滩和植被区域面积,分析潮滩短周期沙滩和植被时空分布特征和对不同事件的响应。研究结果表明:近年来临港潮滩潮上带从淤泥质海滩逐渐转变为沙质海滩;潮滩植被有明显季节性变化,秋冬季枯萎,春夏季生长茂盛,分布在潮滩西侧的植被变化最为显著;沙滩随着植被枯萎而裸露,易受波浪、潮汐冲刷;相比于季节性转化,沙滩在事件上的响应更为显著,洪水期淤积和台风冲刷导致潮滩变化剧烈。The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) has the characteristics of high efficiency, small size and cost, which can monitor the evolution trend of tidal flat, and can also observe the short-duration developments of tidal flat that are difficult to be captured by satellite. Based on the technology of UAV, orthophotos of regional image were generated and the beach and vegetation areas of tidal flats were obtained in Lingang(Shanghai), and then the temporal and spatial characteristics of short-period sand area and vegetation on tidal flats and their responses to different events were analyzed. The results indicated: the supratidal zone of Lingang tidal flat had changed from muddy beach to sandy beach gradually in recent years;The vegetation on the tidal flat had seasonal changes, withering in autumn and winter, and flourishing in spring and summer, the variability of the western part on the tidal flat was most obvious. The sandy beach was exposed as the vegetation withers and was easily eroded by the interaction of wave and tide;compared with the seasonal transformation, the response of the beach to the event was more significant, and the tidal flat changed sharply due to flood-induced deposition and typhoon-induced erosion.

关 键 词：临港潮滩 无人机 植被 沙滩 极端事件 

分 类 号：P715[天文地球—海洋科学]