多级滑动摩擦式列车挡车器设计与碰撞过程动态响应分析  

Design of multi-level sliding friction buffer stop andanalysis of dynamic response in crash process

作　　者：肖皓 鲁寨军[1,2,3] 钟睦 范登科 XIAO Hao;LU Zhaijun;ZHONG Mu;FAN Dengke(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track Ministry of Education,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]轨道交通安全技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第11期3396-3406,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFB1201700)。

摘　　要：为解决既有运用条件下滑动式挡车器难以满足多编组列车平稳止挡的工程难题,基于摩擦吸能原理提出一种二级滑动摩擦式挡车器,以满足不同车型的止挡吸能需求,降低列车的最大车钩力。依据二级滑动摩擦式挡车器的工作原理,该二级滑动摩擦式挡车器用两级摩擦副替代既有滑动式挡车器的一级摩擦副,通过挡车器上下部的相对滑动来缩短挡车器的滑动距离。以某型地铁列车为例,利用simpack软件建立列车撞击挡车器的仿真模型,用105号力元模拟车钩缓冲装置,对列车撞击挡车器模型进行数值仿真,得到列车撞击挡车器的动力学响应特性和挡车器参数对碰撞吸能特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:与采用既有的滑动式挡车器相比较,采用二级滑动摩擦式挡车器能够降低列车受到的最大车钩力,缩短挡车器的滑动距离,满足多编组列车的挡车需求;二级滑动摩擦式挡车器中两级摩擦副摩擦力和挡车器质量是影响列车最大车钩力和挡车器滑动距离的重要因素,其中挡车器上部质量是影响列车最大车钩力的最重要因素,第2级摩擦副摩擦力是影响挡车器滑动距离的最重要因素,通过合理调节两级摩擦副的摩擦力及挡车器上部和下部的质量能更好的发挥二级挡车器的功效。In order to solve the engineering problem that the sliding blocker is difficult to meet the smooth stop of the multi-group train under the existing operating conditions, a two-stage sliding friction car stopper was proposed based on the principle of friction energy absorption. This can meet the stopping energy absorption requirements of different models, reduce the maximum coupler force. Introducing the working principle of the two-stage sliding friction car stop, the stopper used a two-stage friction pair to replace the first-stage friction pair of the existing sliding stopper. The sliding distance of the stopper was shortened by the relative sliding of the upper and lower parts of the stopper. Taking a certain type of subway train as an example, the simulation model of the train hitting the car stopper was established by using simpack software, and the coupler buffer device was simulated with the No. 105 force element. A numerical simulation was carried out on the model of the train crashing the car stop, and the dynamic response characteristics of the train crashing the car stop are obtained.Finally, the influence of the parameters of the car stop on the energy absorption characteristics of the collision was studied. The research results are drawn. Compared with the existing sliding blocker, the use of the two-stage sliding friction blocker can shorten the sliding distance of the blocker and reduce the maximum coupler force received by the train, which can meet the blocking requirements of multi-group trains. The two-stage friction pair and the quality of the two-stage sliding friction buffer stop are important factors that affect the maximum train coupler force and the sliding distance of the buffer stop. Among them, the quality of the upper part of the stopper is the most important factor affecting the maximum coupler force of the train.The second-stage friction pair is the most important factor affecting the sliding distance of the stopper. By reasonably adjusting the two-stage friction pair and reasonably

关 键 词：二级滑动摩擦式挡车器 制动距离 车钩力 钩缓装置 摩擦吸能 

分 类 号：U270.34[机械工程—车辆工程]