乳糖不耐受及饮食营养管理  

Lactose intolerance and dietary nutrition management

作　　者：李东丹[1] 闫洁[1] 杨艳玲[2] LI Dong-dan;YAN Jie;YANG Yan-ling(Department of Nutrition,Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University,Beijing 100045,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]国家儿童医学中心(北京)首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院临床营养科,北京100045 [2]北京大学第一医院儿科,北京100034

出　　处：《中国实用儿科杂志》2022年第10期758-763,共6页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics

摘　　要：乳糖不耐受是一种常见胃肠道疾病,儿童多见。按病因分型,乳糖不耐受分为先天性、继发性、原发性和发育性,临床分型与治疗、预后密切相关。乳糖不耐受临床表现严重程度个体差异较大,受乳糖酶表达及活性、胃肠道敏感性等多种因素影响,严重乳糖不耐受损害患儿生长发育。饮食干预中限制乳糖摄入是主要治疗措施,应用外源乳糖酶、β-半乳糖苷酶活性益生菌也可有效改善乳糖不耐受症状。大多数患儿通过饮食调整可显著改善症状,为避免营养素缺乏,应鼓励患儿限制而不是完全避免乳糖及乳制品,但先天性乳糖酶缺乏患者需终生免乳糖饮食,大多数乳糖不耐症预后良好。Lactose intolerance is a common gastrointestinaldisorder. It usually occurs in children. Lactose intolerance ismainly divided into congenital,secondary,primary anddevelopmental according to etiology. Clinical classification isclosely related to treatment and prognosis. The severity of theclinical manifestations of lactose intolerance varies greatlyamong individuals,and is affected by various factors such aslactase expression and activity,and gastrointestinal sensitivity.Severe lactose intolerance can affect the growth of children.Restriction of lactose intake is the main treatment measure,and supplementation of exogenous lactase and β-galactosidaseactive probiotics can effectively relieve clinical symptoms. Thesymptoms of most children can be significantly alleviatedthrough dietary adjustment. To avoid nutrient deficiencies,children should be encouraged to limit lactose and dairyproducts rather than completely avoid them. Children withcongenital lactase deficiency need a lifelong lactose-free diet.Most people with lactose intolerance have a good prognosis.

关 键 词：乳糖 乳糖酶 营养 儿童 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]